Assessing the Relationship and Effect of Air Pollution [PM 2.5] on Child Respiratory Illness and Child Mortality in the Philippines

Abstract

Air pollution is the presence of harmful substances in the air, which can seriously impact human health and the environment. Among the air pollutants, fine particulate matter (PM) 2.5, being a microscopic particle, poses serious health risks since it can enter the blood circulation and go deep into the lungs. PM 2.5 has been linked to several health problems, such as early mortality, problems with children's development, and unfavorable birth outcomes. In this regard, the study aims to investigate the relationship and effect of PM 2.5 on child respi-ratory illness and child mortality in the Philippines. Data on child respiratory illness and mortality were sourced from the 2022 Philippine National Demo-graphic and Health Survey by the Philippine Statistics Authority. PM 2.5 data was obtained from the official website of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources' Environmental Management Bureau (DENR-EMB). Choropleth map, correlation plot, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results reveal that regions with the greatest number of highly urbanized cities and greater industrial and economic activities have higher levels of PM 2.5. The relationship is positive and significant between PM 2.5 and child respiratory illnesses. (Acute respiratory illness, r=0.87; Asthma, r=0.90) and child mortality (neonatal mortality, r=0.72; post neonatal mortality, r=0.71; under five mortality, r=0.61). As PM 2.5 levels increase, the rates of child respiratory illnesses and child mortality are also expected to increase. Mitigating elevated PM 2.5 levels in urban settings necessitates a collaborative approach involving government agencies, industries, communities, and individuals. By integrating regulatory measures, embracing technological innovations, fostering public awareness, and promoting community engagement, it is feasible to alleviate the adverse effects of air pollution on children's health and the general well-being of the public.