Surface Markers and Chemokines/Cytokines of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma and Other Carcinoma Microenviornments—Contradictions and Comparisons

Cancers Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI:10.3390/cancers16162801

Rikito Tatsuno, Yoshihiro Komohara, Cheng Pan, Tomonori Kawasaki, Atsushi Enomoto, Takahiro Jubashi, Hiroyuki Kono, M. Wako, Tomoyuki Ashizawa, Hirotaka Haro, Jiro Ichikawa

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Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Prognosis is improving with advances in multidisciplinary treatment strategies, but the development of new anticancer agents has not, and improvement in prognosis for patients with pulmonary metastases has stalled. In recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained attention as a therapeutic target for cancer. The immune component of OS TME consists mainly of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They exhibit remarkable plasticity, and their phenotype is influenced by the TME. In general, surface markers such as CD68 and CD80 show anti-tumor effects, while CD163 and CD204 show tumor-promoting effects. Surface markers have potential value as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The cytokines and chemokines produced by TAMs promote tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of TAMs in OS remains unclear to date. In this review, we describe the role of TAMs in OS by focusing on TAM surface markers and the TAM-produced cytokines and chemokines in the TME, and by comparing their behaviors in other carcinomas. We found contrary results from different studies. These findings highlight the urgency for further research in this field to improve the stalled OS prognosis percentages.

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骨肉瘤和其他癌症微环境中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的表面标记物和趋化因子/细胞因子--矛盾与比较

骨肉瘤（Osteosarcoma，OS）是儿童和青少年最常见的原发性骨肿瘤。随着多学科治疗策略的进步，骨肉瘤的预后正在得到改善，但新抗癌药物的开发却没有取得进展，肺转移患者的预后改善也停滞不前。近年来，肿瘤微环境（TME）作为癌症的治疗靶点备受关注。OS TME 的免疫成分主要包括肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）。它们表现出显著的可塑性，其表型受到 TME 的影响。一般来说，CD68 和 CD80 等表面标记物具有抗肿瘤作用，而 CD163 和 CD204 则具有促肿瘤作用。表面标志物具有诊断和预后生物标志物的潜在价值。TAMs 产生的细胞因子和趋化因子可促进肿瘤生长和转移。然而，迄今为止，TAMs 在 OS 中的作用仍不明确。在这篇综述中，我们通过聚焦 TAM 表面标志物和 TAM 在 TME 中产生的细胞因子和趋化因子，并比较它们在其他癌症中的行为，来描述 TAM 在 OS 中的作用。我们发现不同的研究得出了相反的结果。这些发现凸显了在这一领域开展进一步研究以改善停滞不前的 OS 预后百分比的紧迫性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Cancers

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