Impact of Monensin Sodium and Essential Limonene Oil on the Fermentation and Chemical Composition of Total Mixed Ration Silages with Moisture Variations

Agriculture Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI:10.3390/agriculture14081319

Ronnie Coêlho de Andrade, M. A. O. Orrico Junior, Yara América da Silva, Marciana Retore, T. Fernandes, Ana Carolina Amorim Orrico, F. M. V. Vargas Junior, Isabele Paola de Oliveira Amaral

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Abstract

Monensin and essential oils have antimicrobial properties that may impact silage fermentation. The present study was divided into two trials to evaluate the effects of monensin (MON) and essential limonene oils (ELO) as additives in the ensiling of total mixed ration (TMR). In the first assay, TMR was tested with sheep in growth (65% dry matter—DM) using the following treatments: control (no additive), MON35 (35 mg of monensina per kg of DM), MON45 (45 mg of monensina per kg of DM), ELO300 (300 mg of essential limonene oil per kg of DM), and ELO600 (600 mg of essential limonene oil per kg of DM). In the second assay, the same treatments were used in TMR for lactating cows under two moisture conditions (30% and 40% DM). The parameters assessed included fermentative losses, short-chain fatty acid profiles, aerobic stability (hours needed for silage to reach 2 °C above ambient), chemical composition, and in vitro DM digestibility of the silages. Treatment averages were compared using the Scott–Knott test at 5% significance. In the first assay, the treatments with ELO had the lowest (p < 0.05) pH values and the highest (p < 0.05) lactic acid concentrations, with treatment ELO600 leading to the highest (p < 0.05) aerobic stability (297.88 h). Only the starch contents of the ELO treatments were lower (p < 0.05) than the others. In the second assay, the silages with the highest moisture contents and ELO600 exhibited the lowest (p < 0.05) values of DM recovery, lactic acid, and pH. The highest (p < 0.05) lactic acid:acetic acid ratios were observed in the silages with the most moisture added with MON35 and MON45. The use of MON and ELO increased aerobic stability, with the highest (p < 0.05) values observed for ELO600 and MON35. The treatments with MON and ELO resulted in silages with the lowest (p < 0.05) fiber contents and highest ether extract and starch contents when compared with control. Thus, MON and essential oils improve fermentative quality but ELO should be used in lower doses in humid silages to avoid negative fermentation impacts.

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莫能菌素钠和柠檬烯精油对水分变化全混合饲料青贮发酵和化学成分的影响

莫能菌素和精油具有抗菌特性，可能会影响青贮发酵。本研究分为两项试验，以评估莫能菌素（MON）和柠檬香精油（ELO）作为添加剂在青贮全混合饲料（TMR）中的效果。在第一项试验中，绵羊在生长期（干物质含量为 65%-DM）对全混日粮进行了试验，试验采用了以下处理方法：对照组（无添加剂）、MON35（每公斤 DM 含 35 毫克莫能菌素）、MON45（每公斤 DM 含 45 毫克莫能菌素）、ELO300（每公斤 DM 含 300 毫克柠檬烯精油）和 ELO600（每公斤 DM 含 600 毫克柠檬烯精油）。在第二次试验中，在两种水分条件（30% 和 40% DM）下，将相同的处理方法用于泌乳奶牛的 TMR。评估的参数包括青贮饲料的发酵损失、短链脂肪酸概况、有氧稳定性（青贮饲料达到高于环境温度 2 °C 所需的时间）、化学成分和体外 DM 消化率。采用 Scott-Knott 检验法对各处理的平均值进行比较，显著性为 5%。在第一项检测中，ELO 处理的 pH 值最低（p < 0.05），乳酸浓度最高（p < 0.05），ELO600 处理的有氧稳定性最高（p < 0.05）（297.88 小时）。只有 ELO 处理的淀粉含量低于其他处理（p < 0.05）。在第二次试验中，水分含量最高的青贮饲料和 ELO600 的 DM 回收率、乳酸和 pH 值最低（p < 0.05）。在添加了 MON35 和 MON45 的青贮饲料中，水分含量最高的青贮饲料的乳酸醋酸比最高（p < 0.05）。使用 MON 和 ELO 增加了有氧稳定性，ELO600 和 MON35 的有氧稳定性值最高（p < 0.05）。与对照组相比，使用 MON 和 ELO 处理的青贮饲料纤维含量最低（p < 0.05），醚提取物和淀粉含量最高。因此，MON 和香精油可提高发酵质量，但在潮湿的青贮饲料中应使用较低剂量的 ELO，以避免对发酵产生负面影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Agriculture

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