Análise da eficiência operacional e da expansão de postos de atendimentos de cooperativismo de crédito brasileiro

Camila Ferreira Castro, V. G. F. Bressan, G. H. Souza
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Abstract

Este estudo avaliou como se comportou a eficiência operacional a partir das estratégias de expansão ou não dos Postos de Atendimento Cooperativos (PACs) em relação ao market share das cooperativas. Os dados foram extraídos do Banco Central do Brasil, e as cooperativas foram divididas em três grupos – as que expandiram, as que estagnaram e as que contraíram seus PACs, totalizando 797 cooperativas de crédito analisadas. Utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon para comparar medianas de market share e eficiência de cada grupo para os anos de 2016 e de 2021. O teste de Kruskall-Wallis também foi utilizado para comparar as taxas de crescimento desses indicadores entre os três grupos. Os resultados mostram que cooperativas que expandiram seus postos de atendimento ampliaram o market share em termos de ativo total e de número de cooperados, além de conseguirem evolução na eficiência operacional, enquanto as cooperativas que estagnaram ou diminuíram seu número de PACs perderam market share em ambas as métricas. Dessa forma, a expansão dos postos de atendimento sugere benefícios para o desempenho operacional e de mercado das cooperativas de crédito no cenário brasileiro, o que pode contribuir para a manutenção de suas atividades. Palavras-chave: Cooperativas de Crédito. Eficiência. Participação de Mercado. Operational efficiency analysis and expansion of service points in Brazilian credit cooperativism Abstract This study evaluated how the operational efficiency behaved from the expansion strategies or not of the Cooperative Service Centers (PACs) in relation to the market share of the cooperatives. The data were extracted from the Central Bank of Brazil, and the cooperatives were divided into three groups – those that expanded, stagnated, and those that contracted their PACs, totalizing 797 credit unions analyzed. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the medians of market share and efficiency of each group for the years 2016 and 2021. The Kruskall-Wallis test was also used to compare the growth rates of these indicators among the three groups. The results show that cooperatives that expanded their service stations increased their market share in terms of total assets and numbers of cooperative members, in addition to achieving an improvement in operational efficiency, while cooperatives that stagnated or reduced their PACs lost market share in both metrics. Thus, the expansion of service stations suggests benefits for the operational and market performance of credit unions in the Brazilian scenario, which can contribute to the maintenance of their activities. Keywords: Credit unions. Efficiency. Market share.
分析巴西信用合作社服务点的运营效率和扩展情况
本研究根据合作社的市场份额,评估了合作社服务站(PACs)的扩张和不扩张战略对运营效率的影响。数据来自巴西中央银行(Banco Central do Brasil),合作社被分为三类--扩大的、停滞不前的和反对其 PACs 的,共分析了 797 家信贷合作社。利用 Wilcoxon 检验比较了各组在 2016 年和 2021 年的市场份额和效率中位数。此外,还使用 Kruskall-Wallis 检验法比较三个集团之间这些指标的增长率。结果表明,扩大服务站的合作社扩大了在总服务量和合作者数量方面的市场份额,同时也带来了运营效率的提高,而停滞或减少 PAC 数量的合作社则在两个指标上都降低了市场份额。因此,在巴西全国范围内扩大服务网点对信贷合作社的经营业绩和市场都有好处,有助于改善其业务:Cooperativas de Crédito.效率。巴西信用合作社的运营效率分析与服务点的扩张摘要 本研究评估了合作服务中心(PAC)的扩张战略与合作社市场份额之间的关系,以及合作服务中心扩张与否对运营效率的影响。数据来自巴西中央银行,合作社被分为三组--扩大、停滞和收缩其 PAC 的合作社,共分析了 797 家信用社。Wilcoxon 检验用于比较 2016 年和 2021 年各组市场份额和效率的中位数。此外,还使用 Kruskall-Wallis 检验来比较三组之间这些指标的增长率。结果表明,扩大服务站的合作社在总资产和合作社成员数量方面的市场份额都有所增加,此外还提高了运营效率,而停滞不前或减少 PAC 的合作社在这两项指标上的市场份额都有所下降。因此,在巴西,服务站的扩张对信用社的经营和市场表现有利,有助于维持其活动:信用社。效率。市场份额。
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