Unveiling the HD 95086 system at mid-infrared wavelengths with JWST/MIRI

Abstract

Mid-infrared imaging of exoplanets and disks is now possible with the coronographs of the Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This wavelength range unveils new features of young directly imaged systems and allows us to obtain new constraints for characterizing the atmosphere of young giant exoplanets and associated disks. These observations aim to characterize the atmosphere of the planet HD\,95086\,b by adding mid-infrared information so that the various hypotheses about its atmospheric parameters values can be unraveled. Improved images of cirsumstellar disks are provided. We present the MIRI coronagraphic imaging of the system HD\,95086 obtained with the F1065C, F1140, and F2300C filters at central wavelengths of 10.575\,mu m, 11.3\,mu m, and 23\,mu m, respectively. We explored the method for subtracting the stellar diffraction pattern in the particular case when bright dust emitting at short separation is present. Furthermore, we compared different methods for extracting the photometry of the planet. Using the atmospheric models Exo-REM and ATMO we measured the atmospheric parameters of HD\,95086\,b. The planet HD\,95086\,b is detected at the two shortest MIRI wavelengths F1065C and F1140C. The contribution from the inner disk of the system is also detected. It is similar to that in the HR\,8799 system. The outer colder belt is imaged at 23 mu m. Background objects are observed in all filters. The mid-infrared photometry provides better constraints on the atmospheric parameters. We evaluate a temperature of 850 -- 1020\,K, consistent with one previous hypothesis that only used near-infrared data. The radius measurement of 1.0 -- 1.13 Jup $ is better aligned with evolutionary models, but still smaller than predicted. These observations allow us to refute the hypothesis of a warm circumplanetary disk. HD\,95086 is one of the first exoplanetary systems to be revealed at mid-infrared wavelengths. This highlights the interests and challenges of observations at these wavelengths.