The Impact of Calf Stretching Using Inclined Board Standing on Low Back Pain: An Interventional Study

Abstract

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent condition with significant socio-economic impacts. Among its multifactorial causes, calf muscle tightness is a key mechanical contributor. This study evaluates the impact of a calf stretching intervention on LBP. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of calf stretching using an inclined board in reducing pain and disability and improving physical health in individuals with chronic LBP and calf tightness. Methods: A single-group intervention design was utilized with 22 participants aged 18-65 years, clinically diagnosed with chronic LBP and calf tightness. The intervention involved a one-minute standing stretch on a 45-degree inclined wedge, performed three times daily for four weeks. Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-intervention using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and SF-12 questionnaire. Participants’ compliance was monitored through daily logs, and weekly follow-up sessions ensured correct performance of the stretches. Data were analyzed using paired samples t-tests with SPSS version 25. Results: The paired samples t-test showed significant improvements across all measures. The mean NPRS score decreased by 4.40 points (p < 0.001), indicating reduced pain. The Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the SF-12 improved by 12.96 points (p < 0.001), reflecting enhanced physical health. The ODI score reduced by 4.40 points (p < 0.001), suggesting decreased disability. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that a structured calf stretching program significantly reduces pain and disability while improving physical health in individuals with LBP and calf tightness. Incorporating calf flexibility assessments and interventions can be crucial in LBP management.