Determinants and Consequences of Executive Compensation: The Case of Emerging Market

Abstract

Executive compensation is an important aspect of corporate governance subject. This compensation is considered an internal mechanism of corporate governance. This adequate compensation reduces opportunistic executive behavior and minimizes agency problems and costs. Academicians and practitioners have given attention to this aspect. However, there is a lack of studies investigating executive compensation using different economic and corporate governance systems, such as in Indonesia. Therefore, this study investigates executive compensation's determinants and consequences using consumer goods companies. With 36 final samples or 144 observations, simple, logistic, and multivariate regression is employed. The result shows that social stigma does not affect executive compensation. However, women as chief executive directors have a negative effect on executive compensation. Hence, institutional ownership has a positive association with executive compensation. Of the three consequences proposed as executive compensation, only tax aggressiveness is the successful consequence. The other two consequences (company performance and financial reporting fraud) do not significantly relate to executive compensation. This finding has practical and theoretical implications, which are discussed in detail in the paper.