Function and Regulation of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease: State of the Field and Clinical Considerations.

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Xiao Zhang, Linda Tian, Anurag Majumdar, Erica L Scheller
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Abstract

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a metabolically and clinically relevant fat depot that exists within bone. Two subtypes of BMAT, regulated and constitutive, reside in hematopoietic-rich red marrow and fatty yellow marrow, respectively, and exhibit distinct characteristics compared to peripheral fat such as white and brown adipose tissues. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) are evolutionally preserved in most vertebrates, start development after birth and expand throughout life, and originate from unique progenitor populations that control bone formation and hematopoiesis. Mature BMAds also interact closely with other cellular components of the bone marrow niche, serving as a nearby energy reservoir to support the skeletal system, a signaling hub that contributes to both local and systemic homeostasis, and a final fuel reserve for survival during starvation. Though BMAT and bone are often inversely correlated, more BMAT does not always mean less bone, and the prevention of BMAT expansion as a strategy to prevent bone loss remains questionable. BMAT adipogenesis and lipid metabolism are regulated by the nervous systems and a variety of circulating hormones. This contributes to the plasticity of BMAT, including BMAT expansion in common physiological or pathological conditions, and BMAT catabolism under certain extreme circumstances, which are often associated with malnutrition and/or systemic inflammation. Altogether, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the local and systemic functions of BMAT and discusses the regulation and plasticity of this unique adipose tissue depot in health and disease. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5521-5579, 2024.

健康与疾病中骨髓脂肪组织的功能和调节:领域现状与临床考虑。
骨髓脂肪组织(BMAT)是存在于骨骼中的一种代谢和临床相关脂肪库。骨髓脂肪组织有两种亚型,即调节型和组成型,分别存在于造血丰富的红骨髓和脂肪含量高的黄骨髓中,与白脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织等外周脂肪相比,表现出截然不同的特征。骨髓脂肪细胞(BMAds)在进化过程中保存在大多数脊椎动物体内,在出生后开始发育,并在一生中不断扩大,其起源于控制骨骼形成和造血的独特祖细胞群。成熟的 BMAds 还与骨髓龛的其他细胞成分密切互动,充当支持骨骼系统的附近能量库、促进局部和全身平衡的信号枢纽,以及饥饿时生存的最终燃料储备。虽然 BMAT 和骨骼通常成反比关系,但 BMAT 越多并不总是意味着骨骼越少,将防止 BMAT 扩张作为防止骨质流失的一种策略仍然值得商榷。BMAT 的脂肪生成和脂质代谢受神经系统和多种循环激素的调节。这就造成了 BMAT 的可塑性,包括在常见的生理或病理条件下 BMAT 的扩张,以及在某些极端情况下 BMAT 的分解,这些情况通常与营养不良和/或全身炎症有关。总之,本文全面概述了 BMAT 的局部和全身功能,并讨论了这一独特脂肪组织库在健康和疾病中的调节和可塑性。© 2024 美国生理学会。Compr Physiol 14:5521-5579, 2024.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comprehensive Physiology is the most authoritative and comprehensive collection of physiology information ever assembled, and uses the most powerful features of review journals and electronic reference works to cover the latest key developments in the field, through the most authoritative articles on the subjects covered. This makes Comprehensive Physiology a valued reference work on the evolving science of physiology for both researchers and clinicians. It also provides a useful teaching tool for instructors and an informative resource for medical students and other students in the life and health sciences.
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