Innovations and applications of ketone body monitoring in diabetes care.

IF 1.3 Q4 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetology International Pub Date : 2024-05-28 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1007/s13340-024-00735-4

Naoki Sakane

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Abstract

Ketone bodies, comprising β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), acetoacetate (AcAc), and acetone, play a vital role as essential energy substrates. In individuals with diabetes, ketone bodies can be elevated under various conditions, including diabetic ketoacidosis, use of sodium-glucose transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and extreme carbohydrate restriction. There are three methods for measuring ketone bodies. Urine ketone analysis (AcAc) is a standard clinical test, whereas blood ketone testing (BHB+AcAc) is valuable in identifying or resolving diabetic ketoacidosis. Recently, technology for measuring breath acetone has been introduced, which provides an easy means of monitoring ketogenic diets in obese individuals. The basic breath alcohol detector also reacts with breath acetone. Therefore, it is important for professional drivers taking SGLT2 inhibitors to be cautious as workplace breath alcohol detectors may show false-positive results. Conversely, if a positive result is obtained, a detailed examination of ketosis is necessary. This review provides an overview of ketone body measurements in individuals with diabetes.

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酮体监测在糖尿病护理中的创新和应用。

酮体由β-羟丁酸（BHB）、乙酰乙酸（AcAc）和丙酮组成，作为重要的能量底物发挥着至关重要的作用。在各种情况下，包括糖尿病酮症酸中毒、使用钠-葡萄糖转运体 2 型 (SGLT2) 抑制剂和极度限制碳水化合物摄入等，糖尿病患者体内的酮体都会升高。测量酮体有三种方法。尿酮体分析（AcAc）是一种标准的临床检测方法，而血液酮体检测（BHB+AcAc）则对识别或解决糖尿病酮症酸中毒很有价值。最近，测量呼气丙酮的技术已经问世，这为监测肥胖者的生酮饮食提供了一种简便的方法。基本的呼气酒精检测仪也会与呼气丙酮发生反应。因此，服用 SGLT2 抑制剂的职业驾驶员一定要谨慎，因为工作场所的呼气酒精检测仪可能会显示假阳性结果。相反，如果检测结果呈阳性，则有必要对酮病进行详细检查。本综述概述了糖尿病患者的酮体测量。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Diabetology International ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

4.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Diabetology International, the official journal of the Japan Diabetes Society, publishes original research articles about experimental research and clinical studies in diabetes and related areas. The journal also presents editorials, reviews, commentaries, reports of expert committees, and case reports on any aspect of diabetes. Diabetology International welcomes submissions from researchers, clinicians, and health professionals throughout the world who are interested in research, treatment, and care of patients with diabetes. All manuscripts are peer-reviewed to assure that high-quality information in the field of diabetes is made available to readers. Manuscripts are reviewed with due respect for the author''s confidentiality. At the same time, reviewers also have rights to confidentiality, which are respected by the editors. The journal follows a single-blind review procedure, where the reviewers are aware of the names and affiliations of the authors, but the reviewer reports provided to authors are anonymous. Single-blind peer review is the traditional model of peer review that many reviewers are comfortable with, and it facilitates a dispassionate critique of a manuscript.

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