Theory of seed mix design with applications to ecological restoration

IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Matthew J. Rinella, Jeremy J. James
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Abstract

A major factor hindering ecological restoration is uncertainty about which plant species will best establish. We account for this uncertainty in the design of seed mixes, though our developments are relevant to other planting mixes (e.g. root stock). We view seed mixes as being comprised of one or more species groups (e.g. shrubs, grasses, and nitrogen fixers). We mathematically establish that chances of relatively low densities decline as a species group's seeding rate (e.g. 100 seeds/m2) is divided more evenly among more species. This decline is sharpest if survival probabilities vary widely among species. To determine how much survival probabilities typically vary, we studied grasses commonly seeded in Great Plains grasslands and Mediterranean annual grasslands in the western United States. Survival probabilities varied extensively, so the chances of low densities declined markedly with increasing seeded species numbers. In the Great Plains, the chances of establishment failures (0 plants/m2) were 50% when the seeding rate was allocated to one species versus 0% when the seeding rate was divided evenly among five or more species. Similarly, in Mediterranean annual grasslands, the chances of very low densities (≤1.0 plants/m2) declined from 24% when one species was seeded to 0% when three or more species were seeded. The seeding rate for each plant group should be divided as evenly as possible among as many species as practical. Compared to increasing seeding rates to provide greater densities, dividing fixed rates more evenly among more species could prove less expensive.
种子混合设计理论在生态恢复中的应用
阻碍生态恢复的一个主要因素是不确定哪些植物物种最适合种植。我们在混合种子的设计中考虑了这种不确定性,尽管我们的发展与其他种植组合(如根茎)相关。我们认为混合种子由一个或多个物种组(如灌木、草和固氮植物)组成。我们通过数学方法确定,当一个物种组的播种率(如 100 粒种子/平方米)在更多物种间分配得更均匀时,相对低密度的几率就会下降。如果不同物种的存活概率差异很大,则这种下降趋势最为明显。为了确定存活概率通常会有多大差异,我们研究了美国西部大平原草地和地中海一年生草地上常见的禾本科植物。存活概率差异很大,因此随着播种物种数量的增加,低密度的几率明显下降。在大平原,当播种量分配给一个物种时,成活失败(0 株/平方米)的几率为 50%,而当播种量平均分配给五个或更多物种时,成活失败(0 株/平方米)的几率为 0%。同样,在地中海一年生草地上,当播种一个物种时,出现极低密度(≤1.0 株/平方米)的几率为 24%,而当播种三个或更多物种时,出现极低密度(≤1.0 株/平方米)的几率为 0%。每个植物群的播种率应尽可能平均分配给尽可能多的物种。与提高播种率以增加密度相比,将固定的播种率更均匀地分配给更多物种的成本可能会更低。
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来源期刊
Restoration Ecology
Restoration Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
15.60%
发文量
226
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Restoration Ecology fosters the exchange of ideas among the many disciplines involved with ecological restoration. Addressing global concerns and communicating them to the international research community and restoration practitioners, the journal is at the forefront of a vital new direction in science, ecology, and policy. Original papers describe experimental, observational, and theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine, and freshwater systems, and are considered without taxonomic bias. Contributions span the natural sciences, including ecological and biological aspects, as well as the restoration of soil, air and water when set in an ecological context; and the social sciences, including cultural, philosophical, political, educational, economic and historical aspects. Edited by a distinguished panel, the journal continues to be a major conduit for researchers to publish their findings in the fight to not only halt ecological damage, but also to ultimately reverse it.
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