Myxodiaspory in Adenostemma brasilianum (Asteraceae): morphological and histochemical strategies for diaspore dispersion

IF 2.3 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES
Florencia D Dosil Hiriart, Marcelo P Hernández, Luciano N Segura, Liliana Katinas
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Myxodiaspory, the extrusion of sticky substances by the diaspores (seeds, fruits, anthocarps, and parts of infrutescences), has several selective advantages, one of which is aiding the adherence of diaspores between feathers/fur of animals that transport them over short or long distances. The diaspores of Asteraceae have three structures that can contain sticky substances: exocarp epidermal cells, exocarp trichomes, and viscid pappus. The South American species Adenostemma brasilianum (Asteraceae) has all three features. We examined the anatomy, secreted substances, and mode of adhesion of the diaspores of A. brasilianum to understand its strategies for dispersion. The fruit comprises an exocarp with glandular trichomes arranged spirally and scarce nonglandular trichomes, two layers of mesocarp separated by phytomelanin, and an endocarp. The pappus has a basal ring, a stalk, and a head with glandular trichomes. The mucilage, secreted by the glandular trichomes of fruit and pappus, reacted positively to tests for pectins, essential oils, lipophilic substances, and gums. The test for tannins gave a homogeneous positive reaction in the phytomelanin area, and as droplets, in the outer mesocarp layer and in the exocarp. The whole capitulum of A. brasilianum is adapted for successful transportation of its diaspores via diaspore release, secretion, and positioning. We discuss the idea that the dispersal adaptive traits found here evolved as phylogenetic parallelisms in the family.
Adenostemma brasilianum(菊科)的菌丝体:形态学和组织化学上的覆盆子分散策略
二孢子(种子、果实、花柱和花序的一部分)挤出粘性物质具有几种选择性优势,其中之一是帮助二孢子粘附在动物的羽毛/绒毛之间,以便进行短距离或长距离运输。菊科植物的二孢子有三种可含有粘性物质的结构:外果皮表皮细胞、外果皮毛状体和粘性附着物。南美洲物种 Adenostemma brasilianum(菊科)具有这三种特征。我们研究了A. brasilianum的解剖结构、分泌物质和二孢子的粘附方式,以了解其扩散策略。果实由外果皮、两层中果皮和内果皮组成,外果皮上有螺旋状排列的腺毛和稀少的非腺毛。冠突有一个基环、一个柄和一个带有腺毛的头。果实和果皮的腺毛分泌的粘液在果胶、精油、亲油物质和树胶的测试中呈阳性反应。鞣质测试在植物鞣质区以及中果皮外层和外果皮的液滴中均呈阳性反应。巴西芒属植物的整个头状花序都适合通过释放、分泌和定位来成功运输其二孢子。我们讨论了这样一种观点,即这里发现的扩散适应性状是作为系统发育相似性在该科中进化而来的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
54
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: The Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society publishes original papers on systematic and evolutionary botany and comparative studies of both living and fossil plants. Review papers are also welcomed which integrate fields such as cytology, morphogenesis, palynology and phytochemistry into a taxonomic framework. The Journal will only publish new taxa in exceptional circumstances or as part of larger monographic or phylogenetic revisions.
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