Cristina Crespo-Garcia, John P Campbell, Dennis R Taaffe, Carolyn J Peddle-McIntyre, Emily Jeffery, Daniel A Galvao, Andrew D Redfern, Robert U Newton
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapies can stimulate the immune system by increasing tumour antigenicity (e.g., neoantigen exposure to immune cells) and altering adjuvanticity in the tumour (e.g., danger associated molecular patterns and cytokines). These molecules promote the recruitment, activation, and maturation of dendritic cells, which in turn, prime and activate cytotoxic T cells against tumour cells. However, several factors can decrease the immunostimulatory efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. These include reduced tumour cell antigenicity and adjuvanticity and compromised immune function at a local and systemic level. Findings from preclinical studies show that dietary restriction and exercise promote systemic changes that may help to restore immune system function through several mechanisms, including an enhanced infiltration and function of antitumoral immune cells and a decrease in immunosuppressive cells, leading to a reduction in tumour volume. In addition, dietary restriction and exercise training in mice have been shown to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. In human studies there is also emerging evidence that dietary restriction and exercise can impact the immune system towards a more antitumoral profile. In this review, we discuss the immunostimulatory effects of dietary restriction (caloric restriction and fasting) and exercise training in preclinical cancer models, and potential synergies with chemotherapy. We then review clinical studies assessing the effects of these interventions on immune-related endpoints and tumour responses. Finally, we propose that combining dietary restriction with exercise could be a promising strategy to increase chemotherapy efficacy.
传统化疗可通过增加肿瘤抗原性(如新抗原暴露于免疫细胞)和改变肿瘤的佐剂性(如危险相关分子模式和细胞因子)来刺激免疫系统。这些分子可促进树突状细胞的招募、活化和成熟,进而激发和激活细胞毒性 T 细胞对抗肿瘤细胞。然而,有几个因素会降低化疗药物的免疫刺激功效。这些因素包括肿瘤细胞抗原性和佐剂性降低,以及局部和全身免疫功能受损。临床前研究结果表明,饮食限制和运动可促进全身性变化,有助于通过多种机制恢复免疫系统功能,包括增强抗肿瘤免疫细胞的浸润和功能,减少免疫抑制细胞,从而缩小肿瘤体积。此外,对小鼠进行饮食限制和运动训练已被证明能提高化疗的疗效。在人体研究中,也有新的证据表明,饮食限制和运动可以影响免疫系统,使其更加抗肿瘤。在本综述中,我们将讨论临床前癌症模型中饮食限制(热量限制和禁食)和运动训练的免疫刺激作用,以及与化疗的潜在协同作用。然后,我们回顾了评估这些干预措施对免疫相关终点和肿瘤反应影响的临床研究。最后,我们提出,将饮食限制与运动相结合可能是提高化疗疗效的一种有前途的策略。
期刊介绍:
Exercise Immunology Review (EIR) serves as the official publication of the International Society of Exercise and Immunology and the German Society of Sports Medicine and Prevention. It is dedicated to advancing knowledge in all areas of immunology relevant to acute exercise and regular physical activity. EIR publishes review articles and papers containing new, original data along with extensive review-like discussions. Recognizing the diverse disciplines contributing to the understanding of immune function, the journal adopts an interdisciplinary approach, facilitating the dissemination of research findings from fields such as exercise sciences, medicine, immunology, physiology, behavioral science, endocrinology, pharmacology, and psychology.