Porosity–permeability characteristics and mineralization–alteration zones of the Maoping germanium-rich lead–zinc deposit in SW China

IF 2 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI:10.3389/feart.2024.1347243

Jianbiao Wu, Runsheng Han, Yan Zhang, Peng Wu, Hongsheng Gong, Lei Wang, Gong Cheng, Xiaodong Li, Yixuan Yang, Yaya Mi

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Abstract

The Maoping superlarge germanium-rich lead–zinc deposit is a typical nonmagmatic hydrothermal deposit that is structurally controlled in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou lead–zinc polymetallic metallogenic area. The orebodies are distributed in several formations. This paper is based on large-scale alteration mapping combined with porosity and permeability measurements. We delineated the mineralization–alteration zones of different ore-bearing formations, explored the geological significance of porosity and permeability, and proposed prospecting directions. The research results indicate that during the mineralization period, the ore-forming metal fluids migrated from the deep part of the SSW region to the shallow part of the NNE region along the ore-guiding structure (Maoping Fault). Through the ore distribution structure, depressurization boiling occurred in the open space of the NE-trending interlayered sinistral compressive–torsional faults in several ore-bearing formations, resulting in fluid precipitation and the formation of different brecciated hot-melt dolomite lead–zinc mineralization zones. From the orebody to the wallrock, the C2w Formation and D3zg Formation are divided into four different mineralization–alteration zones. Tectonic activity affects the properties, migration, and precipitation of fluids, thereby controlling the alteration characteristics generated during fluid migration and thus changing the porosity and permeability. The porosity and permeability of strata on the NW flank of the anticline are greater than those of strata on the SE flank. On the NW flank, the greater the degree of mineralization–alteration is, the greater the porosity and permeability are, and the porosity of the orebody is lower than that during dolomitization. Finally, we believe that the NW flank of the anticline is an important area for prospecting. The pyrite + striped altered dolomite zone (Zones II–III) in the C2w limestone and the pyrite + strong dolomite zone (Zones II–III) in the D3zg dolomite are important prospecting indicators.

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中国西南部茅坪富锗铅锌矿床的孔隙-渗透特征及成矿-蚀变带

茅坪特大型富锗铅锌矿床是四川-云南-贵州铅锌多金属成矿带构造控制的典型非岩浆热液矿床。矿体分布在多个地层中。本文基于大尺度蚀变测绘以及孔隙度和渗透率测量。划定了不同含矿地层的矿化蚀变带，探讨了孔隙度和渗透率的地质意义，并提出了找矿方向。研究结果表明，在成矿期，成矿金属流体沿导矿构造（茅坪断层）从 SSW 区深部向 NNE 区浅部迁移。通过布矿构造，在多处含矿地层的NE向夹层正弦压扭断层的空隙中发生了减压沸腾，导致流体析出，形成了不同的角砾岩热熔白云岩铅锌成矿带。从矿体到壁岩，C2w 地层和 D3zg 地层分为四个不同的矿化-变质带。构造活动会影响流体的性质、迁移和沉淀，从而控制流体迁移过程中产生的蚀变特征，进而改变孔隙度和渗透率。反斜线西北侧地层的孔隙度和渗透率大于东南侧地层。在西北侧，矿化蚀变程度越大，孔隙度和渗透率也越大，矿体的孔隙度低于白云岩化时期的孔隙度。最后，我们认为该反斜面的西北侧是一个重要的找矿区域。C2w 灰岩中的黄铁矿+条带蚀变白云岩带（II-III 区）和 D3zg 白云岩中的黄铁矿+强白云岩带（II-III 区）是重要的探矿指标。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Earth Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

10.30%

发文量

2076

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Earth Science is an open-access journal that aims to bring together and publish on a single platform the best research dedicated to our planet. This platform hosts the rapidly growing and continuously expanding domains in Earth Science, involving the lithosphere (including the geosciences spectrum), the hydrosphere (including marine geosciences and hydrology, complementing the existing Frontiers journal on Marine Science) and the atmosphere (including meteorology and climatology). As such, Frontiers in Earth Science focuses on the countless processes operating within and among the major spheres constituting our planet. In turn, the understanding of these processes provides the theoretical background to better use the available resources and to face the major environmental challenges (including earthquakes, tsunamis, eruptions, floods, landslides, climate changes, extreme meteorological events): this is where interdependent processes meet, requiring a holistic view to better live on and with our planet. The journal welcomes outstanding contributions in any domain of Earth Science. The open-access model developed by Frontiers offers a fast, efficient, timely and dynamic alternative to traditional publication formats. The journal has 20 specialty sections at the first tier, each acting as an independent journal with a full editorial board. The traditional peer-review process is adapted to guarantee fairness and efficiency using a thorough paperless process, with real-time author-reviewer-editor interactions, collaborative reviewer mandates to maximize quality, and reviewer disclosure after article acceptance. While maintaining a rigorous peer-review, this system allows for a process whereby accepted articles are published online on average 90 days after submission. General Commentary articles as well as Book Reviews in Frontiers in Earth Science are only accepted upon invitation.