A discovery of nanoscale sulfide droplets in MORB glasses: implications for the immiscibility of sulfide and silicate melts

IF 2 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI:10.3389/feart.2024.1403504

Lei Zuo, Peng Zhang, Ya-qin Wang, Rui Liu

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Abstract

Sulfur forms an immiscible liquid upon saturation in magma, and sulfide droplets are commonly found in fresh mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the fine-grained and weakly phyric MORB samples exhibited hypocrystalline to vitreous textures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of MORB glasses exhibits nanoscale sulfide droplets (10–15 nm) with rounded shapes and smooth edges, showing crystalline and homogeneous composition. Elemental distribution included S, Fe, Cu, and Ni, while Si, Al, and O were lacking. Prior research clarified the immiscibility between sulfide and silicate melts, impacting the size distribution of sulfide droplets. This is the first report on nanoscale sulfide droplets within MORB glasses, and these results suggest that nanoscale sulfide droplets represent the initial phase of sulfide saturation. Such an insight may prove useful in understanding how siderophile and chalcophile elements behaved during sulfide crystallization. In addition, this study determines the immiscibility of sulfides and silicate melts that occur in the early nanometer stage. Therefore, it is speculated that immiscibility phenomena may occur in the nanometer stage during magma evolution.

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在 MORB 玻璃中发现纳米级硫化物液滴：对硫化物和硅酸盐熔体不相溶的影响

硫在岩浆中饱和后会形成一种不相溶的液体，而硫化物液滴通常存在于新鲜的洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）中。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析表明，细粒度和弱植酸的 MORB 样品呈现出低晶至玻璃状纹理。MORB 玻璃的透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示出纳米级的硫化物液滴（10-15 nm），具有圆形和光滑的边缘，显示出结晶和均匀的成分。元素分布包括 S、Fe、Cu 和 Ni，而缺少 Si、Al 和 O。之前的研究阐明了硫化物和硅酸盐熔体之间的不溶性，这影响了硫化物液滴的大小分布。这是第一份关于 MORB 玻璃中纳米级硫化物液滴的报告，这些结果表明纳米级硫化物液滴代表了硫化物饱和的初始阶段。这种见解可能有助于理解硫化物结晶过程中亲苷元素和亲镓元素的表现。此外，这项研究还确定了硫化物和硅酸盐熔体在早期纳米阶段的不可溶性。因此，推测岩浆演化过程中的纳米阶段可能会出现不溶解现象。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Earth Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

10.30%

发文量

2076

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Earth Science is an open-access journal that aims to bring together and publish on a single platform the best research dedicated to our planet. This platform hosts the rapidly growing and continuously expanding domains in Earth Science, involving the lithosphere (including the geosciences spectrum), the hydrosphere (including marine geosciences and hydrology, complementing the existing Frontiers journal on Marine Science) and the atmosphere (including meteorology and climatology). As such, Frontiers in Earth Science focuses on the countless processes operating within and among the major spheres constituting our planet. In turn, the understanding of these processes provides the theoretical background to better use the available resources and to face the major environmental challenges (including earthquakes, tsunamis, eruptions, floods, landslides, climate changes, extreme meteorological events): this is where interdependent processes meet, requiring a holistic view to better live on and with our planet. The journal welcomes outstanding contributions in any domain of Earth Science. The open-access model developed by Frontiers offers a fast, efficient, timely and dynamic alternative to traditional publication formats. The journal has 20 specialty sections at the first tier, each acting as an independent journal with a full editorial board. The traditional peer-review process is adapted to guarantee fairness and efficiency using a thorough paperless process, with real-time author-reviewer-editor interactions, collaborative reviewer mandates to maximize quality, and reviewer disclosure after article acceptance. While maintaining a rigorous peer-review, this system allows for a process whereby accepted articles are published online on average 90 days after submission. General Commentary articles as well as Book Reviews in Frontiers in Earth Science are only accepted upon invitation.