Blue carbon habitats in Aotearoa New Zealand—opportunities for conservation, restoration, and carbon sequestration

IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Richard H. Bulmer, Phoebe J. Stewart‐Sinclair, Orlando Lam‐Gordillo, Stephanie Mangan, Luitgard Schwendenmann, Carolyn J. Lundquist
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Abstract

Coastal marine habitats (i.e. mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrasses) have a high capacity for carbon sequestration (termed “blue carbon”) and the potential to reduce the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. However, blue carbon habitats have historically decreased as a consequence of land conversion, coastal development, and pollution and are under threat in many locations. Restoration of these habitats can reverse historic losses and generate carbon credits through increased carbon sequestration. With a long coastline, we hypothesized that there would be significant opportunities for coastal blue carbon in Aotearoa New Zealand. Results revealed Aotearoa estuaries and coastal areas contain approximately 20,932 ha of saltmarsh, 30,533 ha of mangrove, and 61,340 ha of seagrass, estimated to sequester a total of approximately 57,800 tC/year. A further 87,861 ha of land was estimated to be potentially suitable for blue carbon projects via tidal restoration, of which 44,149 ha was suitable for saltmarsh restoration (equivalent to 47,239 tC/year if restored), 17,291 ha was suitable for mangroves (26,455 tC/year), and 14,087 ha was suitable for seagrass (4790 tC/year). Both existing extent and restoration opportunity varied throughout the country, with greater opportunity in some regions than others. Nationwide, the total sequestration potential for blue carbon restoration was estimated at 91,680 tC yr−1 if all potential areas were restored. Carbon credits generated by blue carbon projects could be traded on a carbon market in Aotearoa, generate revenue for landowners, provide an additional pathway to meet domestic and international climate change targets, and result in a diversity of other ecological, social, and cultural co‐benefits from coastal restoration.
新西兰奥特亚罗瓦的蓝碳栖息地--保护、恢复和固碳的机会
沿海海洋栖息地(即红树林、盐沼和海草)具有很高的碳固存能力(称为 "蓝碳"),并具有减少温室气体排放影响的潜力。然而,由于土地转换、沿海开发和污染,蓝碳栖息地在历史上曾一度减少,并在许多地方受到威胁。恢复这些栖息地可以扭转历史性损失,并通过增加碳固存产生碳信用额。新西兰拥有漫长的海岸线,因此我们假设奥特亚罗瓦将有大量机会实现海岸蓝碳。结果显示,奥特亚罗瓦河口和沿海地区约有 20,932 公顷的盐沼、30,533 公顷的红树林和 61,340 公顷的海草,估计每年可固碳约 57,800 吨。据估计,还有 87,861 公顷的土地可能适合通过潮汐恢复开展蓝碳项目,其中 44,149 公顷适合恢复盐沼(恢复后相当于 47,239 吨碳/年),17,291 公顷适合恢复红树林(26,455 吨碳/年),14,087 公顷适合恢复海草(4790 吨碳/年)。全国各地的现有范围和恢复机会各不相同,有些地区的机会大于其他地区。在全国范围内,如果所有潜在区域都得到恢复,蓝碳恢复的总固存潜力估计为 91680 吨碳/年-1。蓝碳项目产生的碳信用额可在奥特亚罗瓦的碳市场上交易,为土地所有者带来收入,为实现国内和国际气候变化目标提供额外途径,并从海岸恢复中获得其他多种生态、社会和文化共同效益。
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来源期刊
Restoration Ecology
Restoration Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
15.60%
发文量
226
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Restoration Ecology fosters the exchange of ideas among the many disciplines involved with ecological restoration. Addressing global concerns and communicating them to the international research community and restoration practitioners, the journal is at the forefront of a vital new direction in science, ecology, and policy. Original papers describe experimental, observational, and theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine, and freshwater systems, and are considered without taxonomic bias. Contributions span the natural sciences, including ecological and biological aspects, as well as the restoration of soil, air and water when set in an ecological context; and the social sciences, including cultural, philosophical, political, educational, economic and historical aspects. Edited by a distinguished panel, the journal continues to be a major conduit for researchers to publish their findings in the fight to not only halt ecological damage, but also to ultimately reverse it.
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