A bio‐based reactive P/N synergistic flame retardant for improving the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

IF 3.2 4区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Polymer Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI:10.1002/pen.26877

Chenchen Wang, Bin Ren, Rui Ma, Xiuyun Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A high‐efficiency bio‐based P/N synergistic flame retardant (PVFD) is synthesized by combining furfurylamine and vanillin. The compound incorporates two different valence states of phosphorus as flame retardant structures, namely phenylphosphoryl dichloride (PPDC) and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐ phosphophenyl‐10‐oxide (DOPO). PVFD and epoxy resin (EP) can cure into a cross‐linked network, thus not only improving the mechanical properties of EP but also achieving P/N synergistic flame retardant effects. Experimental results demonstrate that EP/PVFD‐5 obtained by adding 5 wt% of PVFD to EP passes the UL‐94 test and achieves V‐0 grade, whose limiting oxygen index (LOI) is up to 38.0%. EP/PVFD‐5 exhibits a decrease of 10.14% in peak heat release rate (PHRR), 16.90% in total heat release (THR), and 10.0% in total smoke release (TSP), while the residual carbon content increases by 8.5%. Additionally, the bending strength, bending modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break of EP/PVFD‐5 increase by 3.9%, 4.9%, 45.1%, and 26.3%, respectively.Highlights

The bio‐based raw materials we used are eco‐friendly and readily available.

PVFD, an efficient P‐N synergistic compound, was synthesized.

PVFD promotes the char formation of EP and dilutes the O2 concentration.

PVFD does not cause the degradation of mechanical properties of EP.

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一种生物基活性 P/N 协同阻燃剂，用于改善环氧树脂的防火安全性和机械性能

通过结合糠胺和香兰素，合成了一种高效生物基 P/N 协同阻燃剂（PVFD）。该化合物结合了两种不同价态的磷作为阻燃剂结构，即苯基磷酰二氯（PPDC）和 9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷苯基-10-氧化物（DOPO）。PVFD 和环氧树脂（EP）可固化成交联网络，从而不仅能改善 EP 的机械性能，还能实现 P/N 协同阻燃效果。实验结果表明，在 EP 中添加 5 wt%的 PVFD 后得到的 EP/PVFD-5 通过了 UL-94 测试，达到了 V-0 级，其极限氧指数（LOI）高达 38.0%。EP/PVFD-5 的峰值热释放率 (PHRR) 降低了 10.14%，总热释放率 (THR) 降低了 16.90%，总烟释放率 (TSP) 降低了 10.0%，而残碳含量则增加了 8.5%。此外，EP/PVFD-5 的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了 3.9%、4.9%、45.1% 和 26.3%。合成了一种高效的 P-N 协同化合物 PVFD。PVFD 可促进 EP 的炭化并稀释氧气浓度。PVFD 不会导致 EP 的机械性能下降。

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来源期刊

Polymer Engineering and Science 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

18.80%

发文量

329

审稿时长

3.7 months

期刊介绍： For more than 30 years, Polymer Engineering & Science has been one of the most highly regarded journals in the field, serving as a forum for authors of treatises on the cutting edge of polymer science and technology. The importance of PE&S is underscored by the frequent rate at which its articles are cited, especially by other publications - literally thousand of times a year. Engineers, researchers, technicians, and academicians worldwide are looking to PE&S for the valuable information they need. There are special issues compiled by distinguished guest editors. These contain proceedings of symposia on such diverse topics as polyblends, mechanics of plastics and polymer welding.