Toward heralded distribution of polarization entanglement

F. Joseph Marcellino, Patrik Caspar, Tiff Brydges, Hugo Zbinden, Rob Thew
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Abstract

Distributing entangled states over potentially long distances provides a key resource for many protocols in quantum communication and quantum cryptography. Ideally, this should be implemented in a heralded manner. Starting with four single-photon states, we cascade two single-photon path-entangled states, coded in orthogonal polarizations, to distribute and herald polarization entanglement in a single quantum repeater link architecture. By tuning the input states to minimize (local) losses, the theoretically achievable fidelity to the target state without postselection approaches 1, while sacrificing heralding rates. We achieve a fidelity to the target state of over 95% after postselection, providing a benchmark for the experimental control and allowing a first demonstration of a device-independent quantum key distribution architecture capable of operation over relevant distances. We show that the fidelity of the heralded state without postselection scales predictably and also identify various practical challenges and error sources specific to this architecture, and model their effects on the generated state. While our experiment uses probabilistic photon-pair sources based on spontaneous parametric downconversion, many of these problems are also relevant for variants employing deterministic photon sources.
极化纠缠的预示性分布
在潜在的长距离上分发纠缠态为量子通信和量子密码学中的许多协议提供了关键资源。理想情况下,这应该以预示的方式实现。从四个单光子态开始,我们级联两个以正交偏振编码的单光子路径纠缠态,在单个量子中继器链路结构中分配和预示偏振纠缠。通过调整输入态以最小化(局部)损耗,理论上可实现的无后选择目标态保真度接近 1,同时牺牲了预示率。经过后选择后,我们实现了超过 95% 的目标状态保真度,为实验控制提供了一个基准,并首次展示了能够在相关距离上运行的独立于设备的量子密钥分发架构。我们证明了无后选预示态的保真度可预测地扩展,还确定了该架构特有的各种实际挑战和误差源,并模拟了它们对生成态的影响。虽然我们的实验使用的是基于自发参数下变频的概率光子对源,但其中许多问题也与采用确定性光子源的变体有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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