Comparison of the likelihood ratios of two diagnostic tests subject to a paired design: confidence intervals and sample size

Abstract

Positive and negative likelihood ratios are parameters which are used to assess and compare the effectiveness of binary diagnostic tests. Both parameters only depend on the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test and are equivalent to a relative risk. This article studies the comparison of the likelihood ratios of two binary diagnostic tests subject to a paired design through confidence intervals. Six approximate confidence intervals are presented for the ratio of the likelihood ratios, and simulation experiments are carried out to study the coverage probabilities and the average lengths of the intervals considered, and some general rules of application are proposed. A method is also proposed to determine the sample size necessary to estimate the ratio between the likelihood ratios with a determined precision. The results were applied to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.