A new flow path: eDNA connecting hydrology and biology

WIREs Water Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI:10.1002/wat2.1749
Dawn R. URycki, Anish A. Kirtane, Rachel Aronoff, Colton C. Avila, Rosetta C. Blackman, Luca Carraro, Olivier Evrard, Stephen P. Good, Diana C. Hoyos J., Nieves López‐Rodríguez, Demetrio Mora, Yvonne Schadewell, Oliver S. Schilling, Natalie C. Ceperley
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Abstract

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has revolutionized ecological research, particularly for biodiversity assessment in various environments, most notably aquatic media. Environmental DNA analysis allows for non‐invasive and rapid species detection across multiple taxonomic groups within a single sample, making it especially useful for identifying rare or invasive species. Due to dynamic hydrological processes, eDNA samples from running waters may represent biodiversity from broad contributing areas, which is convenient from a biomonitoring perspective but also challenging, as hydrological knowledge is required for meaningful biological interpretation. Hydrologists could also benefit from eDNA to address unsolved questions, particularly concerning water movement through catchments. While naturally occurring abiotic tracers have advanced our understanding of water age distribution in catchments, for example, current geochemical tracers cannot fully elucidate the timing and flow paths of water through landscapes. Conversely, biological tracers, owing to their immense diversity and interactions with the environment, could offer more detailed information on the sources and flow paths of water to the stream. The informational capacity of eDNA as a tracer, however, is determined by the ability to interpret the complex biological heterogeneity at a study site, which arguably requires both biological and hydrological expertise. As eDNA data has become increasingly available as part of biomonitoring campaigns, we argue that accompanying eDNA surveys with hydrological observations could enhance our understanding of both biological and hydrological processes; we identify opportunities, challenges, and needs for further interdisciplinary collaboration; and we highlight eDNA's potential as a bridge between hydrology and biology, which could foster both domains.This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Hydrological Processes Science of Water > Methods Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
新的流动路径:连接水文学和生物学的 eDNA
环境 DNA(eDNA)给生态学研究带来了革命性的变化,尤其是在各种环境(特别是水生介质)中的生物多样性评估方面。环境 DNA 分析可在单个样本中对多个分类群进行非侵入性的快速物种检测,因此特别适用于识别稀有或入侵物种。由于水文过程的动态变化,流水中的 eDNA 样品可能代表来自广泛水域的生物多样性,从生物监测的角度来看,这很方便,但也很有挑战性,因为要进行有意义的生物解释,需要水文知识。水文学家也可以从 eDNA 中获益,解决尚未解决的问题,特别是有关水在集水区中的流动问题。例如,天然非生物示踪剂加深了我们对集水区水龄分布的了解,但目前的地球化学示踪剂还不能完全阐明水流通过地貌的时间和路径。相反,生物示踪剂由于其巨大的多样性和与环境的相互作用,可以提供有关水流来源和流经路径的更详细信息。然而,eDNA 作为示踪剂的信息能力取决于对研究地点复杂的生物异质性的解释能力,这可以说需要生物和水文两方面的专业知识。随着 eDNA 数据越来越多地成为生物监测活动的一部分,我们认为将 eDNA 调查与水文观测结合起来可以增强我们对生物和水文过程的理解;我们确定了进一步跨学科合作的机遇、挑战和需求;我们强调了 eDNA 作为水文学和生物学之间桥梁的潜力,它可以促进这两个领域的发展:水科学> 水文过程 水科学> 方法 水与生命> 淡水生态系统的性质
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