Correlation between worsening pneumonitis and right ventricular systolic function in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Abstract

Background: The pneumonitis associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection impacts the right ventricle (RV). However, the association between the disease severity and right ventricular systolic function needs elucidation.

Method: We conducted a retrospective study of 108 patients admitted to critical care with COVID-19 pneumonitis to examine the association between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) by transthoracic echocardiography as a surrogate for RV systolic function with PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio as a marker of disease severity and other respiratory parameters.

Results: The median age was 59 years [51, 66], 33 (31%) were female, and 63 (58%) were mechanically ventilated. Echocardiography was performed at a median of 3 days [2, 12] following admission to critical care. The PaO₂/FiO₂ and TAPSE medians were 20.5 [14.4, 32.0] and 21 mm [18, 24]. There was a statistically significant, albeit weak, association between the increase in TAPSE and the worsening of the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio (r² = 0.041, p = 0.04). This association was more pronounced in the mechanically ventilated (r² = 0.09, p = 0.02). TAPSE did not correlate significantly with FiO₂, PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH, respiratory rate, or mechanical ventilation. Patients with a TAPSE ≥ 17 mm had a considerably worse PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio than a TAPSE < 17 mm (18.6 vs. 32.1, p = 0.005). The PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio predicted TAPSE (OR = 0.94, p = 0.004) with good area under the curve (0.72, p = 0.006). Moreover, a PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio < 26.7 (moderate pneumonitis) predicted TAPSE > 17 mm with reasonable sensitivity (67%) and specificity (68%).

Conclusion: In patients admitted to critical care with COVID-19 pneumonitis, TAPSE increased as the disease severity worsened early in the course of the disease, especially in the mechanically ventilated. A TAPSE within the normal range is not necessarily reassuring in early COVID-19 pneumonitis.