Global inequality in built-up land per capita and its change trajectories between 1985 and 2020

IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
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Abstract

Built-up land has increased rapidly in recent decades, thus aggravating the competition for land between multiple uses. The increase in urban land can be decomposed into changes in population and changes in built-up land per person. Yet, it is unclear how this decomposition differs by country and how this decomposition changes over time. Moreover, we don’t know whether these changes affect the inequality in built-up land per capita. Here, we analyze the global distribution of built-up land per capita in the year 2020, as well as the changes therein between 1985 and 2020. We find that built-up land per capita in 2020 differs by an order of magnitude between countries, ranging from 15 m2 per person in Ethiopia to 734 m2 per person in Australia. Moreover, we find a wide range of different change trajectories, including both increases and decreases in built-up land per capita and in total population. As the total area of urban land increased in all countries, decreases in urban land consumption reflect a situation where the population increases faster than the total amount of urban land. We also find a large inequality in urban land consumption across countries, as indicated by a Gini index of 0.47 in 1985, decreasing only slightly to 0.45 in 2020. These findings suggest the need for a regionally differentiated approach to reduce urban land take, focusing first on mitigating further increases in those countries that already have a high urban land consumption.

Abstract Image

全球人均建设用地的不平等及其 1985 至 2020 年间的变化轨迹
近几十年来,城市建设用地迅速增加,从而加剧了多种用途之间对土地的争夺。城市用地的增加可以分解为人口的变化和人均建设用地的变化。然而,目前还不清楚各国的分解方式有何不同,也不清楚这种分解方式随着时间的推移会发生怎样的变化。此外,我们也不知道这些变化是否会影响人均建设用地的不平等。在此,我们分析了 2020 年全球人均建设用地的分布情况,以及 1985 年至 2020 年间的变化情况。我们发现,各国 2020 年的人均建设用地相差一个数量级,从埃塞俄比亚的人均 15 平方米到澳大利亚的人均 734 平方米不等。此外,我们还发现了各种不同的变化轨迹,包括人均建设用地和总人口的增加和减少。随着所有国家城市用地总面积的增加,城市用地消耗量的减少反映了人口增长快于城市用地总量的情况。我们还发现,1985 年各国城市土地消费的基尼系数为 0.47,到 2020 年仅略微下降至 0.45,这表明各国城市土地消费存在巨大的不平等。这些研究结果表明,有必要采取地区差异化的方法来减少城市用地占用,首先要重点缓解那些城市用地消耗量已经很高的国家的进一步增长。
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来源期刊
Geography and Sustainability
Geography and Sustainability Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
16.70
自引率
3.10%
发文量
32
审稿时长
41 days
期刊介绍: Geography and Sustainability serves as a central hub for interdisciplinary research and education aimed at promoting sustainable development from an integrated geography perspective. By bridging natural and human sciences, the journal fosters broader analysis and innovative thinking on global and regional sustainability issues. Geography and Sustainability welcomes original, high-quality research articles, review articles, short communications, technical comments, perspective articles and editorials on the following themes: Geographical Processes: Interactions with and between water, soil, atmosphere and the biosphere and their spatio-temporal variations; Human-Environmental Systems: Interactions between humans and the environment, resilience of socio-ecological systems and vulnerability; Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing: Ecosystem structure, processes, services and their linkages with human wellbeing; Sustainable Development: Theory, practice and critical challenges in sustainable development.
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