Propagating Neotethys slab break-off beneath Iran following Arabia-Eurasia collision

Abstract

The closure of the Paleo- and Neotethys resulted in a long history of subduction of oceanic crust and production of a large variety of Phanerozoic magmatic rocks in the region occupied by present day Iran. Adakitic rocks of varying ages are common in this area and have distinctive geochemical signatures that have been variably linked to slab break-off or melting of the lower continental crust. The geographic distribution and age of the adakitic rocks indicates a potential younging trend from northwest to southeast Iran, but this trend was interrupted by an older outlier in the area of Tafresh, in the central part of the Neotethys arc. We obtained new geochemical and U-Pb geochronological data for Eocene volcanic and Miocene intrusive rocks from this anomalous locality. Our results show that adakitic signatures are only present in younger Miocene intrusive porphyritic bodies and not in the main calc-alkaline Eocene volcanic succession as previously thought. The Tafresh adakitic porphyritic bodies have an age of 15.7 ± 0.1 Ma (n = 183, 2σ SE), which fits well with a regional younging of the adakites towards the southeast of Iran. The Tafresh adakitic rocks are classified as the high-silica variety, and show trace element signatures and isotopic values that are consistent with melting of the lower continental crust. We hypothesise that progressive slab break-off provided a mechanism for the formation of high-silica adakitic rocks along the former Neotethys arc.