Pre-defoliation canopy height for signal grass ‘Basilisk’ in silvopastoral systems

Victor Augustus Vasconcelos de Oliveira, R. B. D. Silva, A. Veloso, Matheus Almeida Alves, M. M. D. Santos, R. A. C. Passetti, Lívia Vieira de Barros, M. Mourthé, Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos, T.G.S. Braz
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the response of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk pastures in monoculture and silvopastoral systems (SPS), and to determine the most suitable pre-defoliation canopy height for managing this species in SPS. Four pre-defoliation canopy heights (20, 30, 40, and 50 cm) were tested for signal grass in SPS, alongside a control treatment involving defoliation at 20 cm in full sun. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four replicates. The forage accumulation rate was higher in monoculture (36.5 kg ha-1 day-1 of DM) compared to the silvopastoral system (22.0 kg ha-1 day-1 of DM), and there was no significant effect of pre-defoliation canopy height within the SPS. The density of tillers in monoculture was comparable to that observed in canopies managed at a height of 50 cm within the SPS. Leaf mass and leaf percentage were maximized at heights of 40 cm and 50 cm, respectively. Neither the cultivation system nor the pre-defoliation canopy heights in the SPS influenced the fiber and protein content. Leaf accumulation and mass were higher in monoculture, but the cultivation system did not affect the chemical composition of the forage. Heights between 40 cm and 50 cm in the SPS should be used to maximize tillering, mass, and leaf percentage of signal grass ‘Basilisk’. The chemical composition of the produced forage did not undergo significant changes, neither between systems nor across pre-defoliation heights.
林牧系统中信号草 "Basilisk "落叶前的冠层高度
本研究的目的是比较信号草(Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk)在单一种植系统和林牧系统(SPS)中的反应,并确定最适合在林牧系统中管理该物种的落叶前树冠高度。对 SPS 中的信号草进行了四种落叶前冠层高度(20、30、40 和 50 厘米)的测试,同时还进行了在全日照条件下 20 厘米落叶的对照处理。试验采用四次重复的随机区组设计。单一种植的牧草积累率(36.5 千克/公顷-1 日-1 DM)高于造林-放牧系统(22.0 千克/公顷-1 日-1 DM),而在造林-放牧系统中,落叶前的冠层高度没有显著影响。在单一种植中观察到的分蘖密度与在小农生产系统中以 50 厘米高度管理的冠层中观察到的分蘖密度相当。叶片质量和叶片百分比分别在高度为 40 厘米和 50 厘米时达到最大值。SPS中的栽培系统和落叶前树冠高度都不会影响纤维和蛋白质含量。单一栽培时叶片的积累量和质量较高,但栽培方式并不影响牧草的化学成分。应采用 40 厘米至 50 厘米的单株栽培,以最大限度地提高信号草 "Basilisk "的分蘖、质量和叶片百分比。所产牧草的化学成分在不同栽培系统和不同的脱叶前高度之间都没有发生显著变化。
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