Current Typology of Social Services in Bulgaria

Tsetska Kolarova
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Abstract

This article makes a systematization of current typology of social services in nowadays Bulgaria, because new Social Services Act entered into force in 2020 and started a reform in the social sphere in the country. The new legislation regulates social services with an innovative concept that interprets them as support activities that can be organized and structured according to the needs of the population. This research was done with a view to clarifying certain aspects in the concept of the new legislation, which would allow it to be interpreted theoretically correctly and, accordingly, to be fully applied in practice. The article offers an analysis of the typology of social services in Bulgaria, which is based on five normative acts, as well as the theory of social work. Various classification criteria format this typology – accessibility, functions, age of users, main groups of activities, term and environment of social service providing. Based on the adopted profiling criteria, the article arranges and reviews the possible types of social services in modern Bulgaria: generally accessible and specialized; preventive, supportive and restorative; for children and for adults; for children and adults with disabilities; for adults in a crisis situation; for information and counseling; community work; therapy and rehabilitation; day care; residential care; assistant support; hourly, half-day, full-day, 24/7; services in a home environment, services in a specialized environment and services that are provided mobile etc. A special place in the group of residential services is occupied by integrated health and social services for residential care, which build their internal own typology according to the type of persons for whom they are intended. The typology of social services made in this article is a kind of theoretical result of the analysis both of sources with scientific literature and of Bulgarian innovative legislation in the social sphere.
保加利亚当前的社会服务类型
新的《社会服务法》于 2020 年生效,开启了保加利亚社会领域的改革。新法律以创新的概念对社会服务进行了规范,将其解释为可根据人口需求进行组织和结构化的支持活动。这项研究旨在澄清新立法概念中的某些方面,使其在理论上得到正确理解,并在实践中得到充分应用。文章分析了保加利亚社会服务的类型,其基础是五项规范性法案以及社会工作理论。各种分类标准构成了这一类型学--可获得性、功能、用户年龄、主要活动群体、提供社会服务的期限和环境。根据所采用的分类标准,文章对现代保加利亚可能的社会服务类型进行了排列和评述:一般无障碍和专业化;预防、支持和恢复性;针对儿童和成人;针对残疾儿童和成人;针对处于危机状况的成人;信息和咨询;社区工作;治疗和康复;日间护理;寄宿护理;助理支持;小时、半天、全天、全天候;家庭环境中的服务、专业环境中的服务和流动服务等。在寄宿服务类别中,用于寄宿护理的综合保健和社会服务占有特殊地位,这些服务根据其服务对象的类型建立了自己的内部类型。本文中的社会服务分类是对科学文献来源和保加利亚社会领域创新立法进行分析后得出的一种理论成果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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