Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites and Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Buchanania lanzan Leaf Extract

Abstract

The most prevalent digestive condition in clinical practice is peptic ulcer. It should be regarded as a superior choice for the treatment of peptic ulcer given the numerous side effects of contemporary medicine, the initial acquisition of fewer side effects, and the therapy of indigenous substances. Throughout most of India's deciduous woods, Buchanania lanzan (B. lanzan, Chironji, Achar, Anacardiaceae) is a significant non-wood tree species. B. lanzan is a commonly used plant that has been used for many years in traditional medicine to treat a variety of illnesses. Thus, the goal of the current investigation was to assess the hydroalcoholic extract of B. lanzan leaves antiulcer properties in rats. The established test procedure described in the literature was used to determine the quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as the qualitative analysis of different phytochemical constituents. Rats with pylorus-ligated peptic ulcer models were used to test the hydroalcoholic extract of B. lanzan leaves' in vivo anti-ulcer activity. The volume and pH of stomach fluid, free acidity, total acidity, ulcer index, and percent inhibition of ulcer index were among the outcome indicators that varied based on the model. An initial phytochemical examination indicated the existence of flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins. The leaves hydroalcoholic extract had a total phenolic content of 32.5 mg/gm, with flavonoids coming in second at 27.60 mg/gm. In rats with pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models, additional hydroalcoholic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg/p.o. significantly (p˂0.01) decreased the gastric volume, pH, ulcer number, ulcer index, free acidity, and total acidity. The results of this investigation verified that B. lanzan extract, because of one or more of its secondary metabolites, possesses pharmacologic activity that is anti-ulcer. This study thus supports the use of it in Indian traditional medicine as an anti-ulcer agent. It is necessary to conduct additional research to isolate particular phytochemicals and clarify their mechanisms of action. Keywords: Buchanania lanzan, Phytochemical constituents, Antiulcer, Pylorus ligation, Peptic ulcer