Performance of Aromatic Amine-Modified Metallocene Polyalphaolefin Lubricant Base Oil

Lubricants Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI:10.3390/lubricants12070255

Jian Xu, Qidi Hu, Jiusheng Li

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Abstract

With the continuous advancement of industrial technology, higher demands have been placed on the properties of gear oils, such as oxidation stability and shear resistance. Herein, the oxidation stability of high-viscosity metallocene poly-α-olefins (mPAOs) was improved by chemical modification via aromatic amine alkylation. The modified mPAO base oils were synthesized separately with diphenylamine (mPAO-DPA) and N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine (mPAO-NPA), and their applicability in industrial gear oil formulations was evaluated. The composition and physicochemical properties of the obtained samples were assessed using 1H NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and the American Society for Testing and Materials standards (ASTM D445, ASTM D2270, ASTM D92, etc.) confirming the successful completion of the alkylation reaction. The oxidation stability of the samples was also evaluated using pressurized differential scanning calorimetry. The initial oxidation temperature of mPAO-NPA (230 °C) was 53 °C higher than that of mPAO, and the oxidation induction period of mPAO-DPA was nearly twice that of mPAO-NPA. Thermogravimetric analysis in air revealed the increased thermal decomposition temperature and improved thermal stability of modified mPAO. ISO VG 320 industrial gear oils were formulated using mPAO alkylated with N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine(Lub-2) and commercially purchased PAO100 (Lub-1) as base oil components. The antioxidant performance of two industrial gear oils was evaluated through oven oxidation and rotating oxygen bomb tests. The oxidation induction period of Lub-2 was 30% higher than that of Lub-1, with the latter having a lower acid number and a smaller increase in viscosity at 40 °C. Finally, the friction performance of the samples was assessed on a four-ball friction tester, revealing the synergistic effect of the mPAO-NPA base oil with the HiTEC 3339 additive, forming a more stable oil film with a smaller wear scar diameter.

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芳香胺改性茂金属聚α烯烃润滑油基础油的性能

随着工业技术的不断进步，人们对齿轮油的氧化稳定性和抗剪切性等性能提出了更高的要求。本文通过芳香胺烷基化化学改性，提高了高粘度茂金属聚-α-烯烃（mPAOs）的氧化稳定性。分别用二苯胺（mPAO-DPA）和 N-苯基-α-萘胺（mPAO-NPA）合成了改性 mPAO 基础油，并评估了它们在工业齿轮油配方中的适用性。使用 1H NMR 光谱法、傅立叶变换红外光谱法、凝胶渗透色谱法和美国材料试验协会标准（ASTM D445、ASTM D2270、ASTM D92 等）对所获样品的成分和理化性质进行了评估，确认烷基化反应已成功完成。此外，还使用加压差示扫描量热法评估了样品的氧化稳定性。mPAO-NPA 的初始氧化温度（230 °C）比 mPAO 高 53 °C，mPAO-DPA 的氧化诱导期几乎是 mPAO-NPA 的两倍。空气中的热重分析表明，改性 mPAO 的热分解温度升高，热稳定性提高。使用与 N-苯基-α-萘胺（Lub-2）烷基化的 mPAO 和市售 PAO100（Lub-1）作为基础油组分，配制了 ISO VG 320 工业齿轮油。通过烘箱氧化和旋转氧弹试验评估了两种工业齿轮油的抗氧化性能。Lub-2 的氧化诱导期比 Lub-1 高 30%，后者的酸值较低，在 40 °C 时粘度增加较小。最后，在四球摩擦试验机上对样品的摩擦性能进行了评估，结果表明 mPAO-NPA 基础油与 HiTEC 3339 添加剂具有协同效应，可形成更稳定的油膜，磨损痕直径更小。

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Lubricants

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