Patterns and Influencing Factors of Organisms and Sensitivity in Sputum at Sylhet

Abstract

Background: Respiratory tract infections, especially pneumonia and tuberculosis, remain significant public health problems in Bangladesh. This information alone is critical to manage local pathogen distributions, antibiotic susceptibility, and response plans. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of bacterial pathogens in sputum samples, test their antibacterial sensitivity, and relate them to various demographic factors among patients in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Chest Disease Clinic, Sylhet from January to June 2024.Sputum samples were taken from 120 patients diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infections. Colony and bacterial identification was done microbiologically, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The cocci were the most prevalent, with gram-positive bacteria constituting 75% of all isolates: Staphylococcus aureus 29. Co-amoxiclav had the highest sensitivity of 23 percent, while the highest resistance was recorded for linezolid at 50 percent. Tobacco use was described in 79. Overall, there was a significant association between TB-positive status and the isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae (p = 0.032). Most participants were of lower SES, and this was observed in 59.32% of the study’s participants. Conclusions: This research found that gram-positive organisms are the most frequent cause of respiratory infections in Sylhet, with S. aureus being the most dominant isolate. The high tobacco use and the link to S. aureus colonization indicate that interventions could and should be targeted. Concerning antibiotic susceptibility patterns, the need to exercise reasonable use of antibiotics and constant monitoring of antimicrobial resistance cannot be overemphasized. These findings may help the local clinicians, help set up empirical antibacterial therapy, and facilitate the design of some targeted health interventions. Scholars Middle East Publishers Browse Journals Payments Publication Ethics SUBMIT ARTICLE