Floristic Diversity of Natural Forest Patches Across Agroclimatic Zones in Northwestern Ethiopian

Melkamu Kassaye, Yonas Derebe, Mulugeta Tamir, Amsalu Nigatu, Bahiru Gedamu, Estegenet Emiru, Meseret Chanie, Mebratu Yigzaw
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Abstract

Background Natural forest resources in northwestern Ethiopia are currently under threat, requiring immediate conservation measures and a management strategy. Thus, an understanding of the present floristic diversity status is required. There is lack of such type of studies specific to fragmented forest patches and across environmental factors. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the existing state of these resources to apply sustainable forest management practices. Methods To achieve this, transects with 200 square plots measuring 400 m2 were set up at nine forest patches with 200m spacing between plots and transects. Vegetation and environmental data were collected and analyzed using R version 4.1. Results Significant variations (p 0.008) were found in vegetation features along the slope, forest patches, and agroclimatic zone. When compared to other forest patches, highland, and mid-altitude forest patches had the highest species diversity (2.48) and stocking (2578 trees/ha). The gentle slope has the most species diversity (2.83). The species similarity between highland and mid-altitude forest habitats was found significant (69%). The vegetation cover in the mid-altitude forest patches was also high (abundance: 5-12%). In all the forest patches examined, tree life forms exceeded shrubs, climbers, and herbs. Conclusions According to the study’s findings, the state of forest resources varies considerably across different environmental variations. Despite the impression of entire forest patches from the outside, the interiors are open, with only huge and mature trees covering the canopy. This state has been triggered by deforestation, degradation, and inappropriate human and grazing operations.
埃塞俄比亚西北部不同农业气候区天然森林斑块的植物多样性
背景 埃塞俄比亚西北部的天然森林资源目前正受到威胁,需要立即采取保护措施和管理策略。因此,需要了解目前的植物多样性状况。目前还缺乏针对破碎森林斑块和各种环境因素的此类研究。因此,本研究旨在考察这些资源的现有状况,以采用可持续森林管理方法。为此,在九个森林片区设置了 200 个面积为 400 平方米的方形地块,地块与地块之间的间距为 200 米。使用 R4.1 版收集和分析植被和环境数据。结果 发现沿斜坡、森林斑块和农业气候带的植被特征存在显著差异(p 0.008)。与其他森林斑块相比,高原和中海拔森林斑块的物种多样性(2.48)和蓄积量(2578 棵/公顷)最高。缓坡的物种多样性最高(2.83)。高原和中海拔森林栖息地的物种相似性显著(69%)。中海拔森林斑块的植被覆盖率也很高(丰度:5-12%)。在所有考察的森林斑块中,乔木的数量超过了灌木、攀缘植物和草本植物。结论 根据研究结果,在不同的环境变化中,森林资源状况差异很大。尽管从外部看,整个森林斑块给人的印象是完整的,但内部却是空旷的,只有巨大的成熟树木覆盖着树冠。造成这种状况的原因是森林砍伐、退化以及人类和放牧的不当行为。
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