Genetic health and diversity assessment of Sturgeon species in Kazakhstan's aquaculture and natural habitats

Abstract

Sturgeon species hold significant commercial and ecological value, with many listed as endangered. Understanding their genetic structure is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. The main aim of this study is to examine the genetic structure of sturgeon, which can provide a foundation for creating strategies to conserve these species. A total of 121 sturgeon individuals were analyzed using microsatellite molecular markers (STR) to conduct the study on the genetic structure of sturgeon fish species. DNA was extracted from fin tissues using a commercial kit, and genotyping was conducted using seven microsatellite loci. Cluster analysis and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) were performed to identify genetic differentiation among populations. The analysis showed differences in genetic diversity between the Siberian sturgeon, Russian sturgeon, and beluga samples. A deficiency of heterozygotes was discovered in artificial samples of sturgeon, indicating possible inbreeding. Genetic analysis has also revealed genetic differentiation between populations, possibly due to geographic structure or other factors. The study allows us to recommend increasing genetic diversity by introducing individuals from natural environments into sturgeon populations in aquaculture. Regular monitoring of genetic parameters in aquaculture populations and monitoring diversity dynamics are also crucial for the conservation and sustainability of sturgeon populations. The findings could help shape conservation strategies, especially in managing genetic diversity in aquaculture and reducing the risks associated with inbreeding and genetic drift.