Recipe for Fatigue: Sleep, work patterns, and well-being of galley workers on Surface Ships of the United States Navy

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to compare the fatigue levels, work/rest patterns, health-related behaviors, and well-being of galley workers with other sailors on United States Navy ships while underway. Analysis was based on a retrospective comparison of data from three fit-for-duty groups of sailors: 67 galley workers, 192 non-watchstanders, and 466 watchstanders. Participants completed questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], Profile of Mood States [POMS]) and activity logs, and wore actigraphs. Galley workers slept MD=6.57 (IQR=1.42) hours/day and worked MD=12.8 (IQR=2.42) hours/day. Approximately 84% of the galley workers were classified as poor sleepers, ~57% reported having excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and ~38% reported elevated insomnia symptoms. Compared to non-watchstanders, galley workers had worse scores on POMS (total mood disturbance, tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue, confusion-bewilderment), ESS, ISI, and PSQI. Compared to non-watchstanders, galley workers had a higher risk for symptoms of EDS (75%), symptoms of clinically relevant insomnia (126%), and for being classified as poor sleepers (27%). Galley workers slept less and worked on average two hours/day more than non-watchstanders. Compared to watchstanders, galley workers had worse ESS, ISI, and anger-hostility scores. More watchstanders napped compared to galley workers. Although they are considered day workers, the sleep patterns, fatigue levels, and mood of galley workers are comparable to, or worse than, watchstanders or other non-watchstanders. To ameliorate the effects of long work hours on sailor well-being, ship leadership should consider adopting strategies to improve galley workers’ well-being.