{"title":"Disease X and COVID-19: Turning lessons from India and the world into policy recommendations","authors":"Mainak Bardhan, Ishita Ray, Shubhajeet Roy, Priyanka Roy, Priya Thanneeru, A. Twayana, Sakshi Prasad, Mayukh Bardhan, Ayush Anand","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002391","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Disease X is caused by pathogen X, an unknown infectious agent that can potentially trigger an epidemic or pandemic. Pathogen X might be any pathogen, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and prions. World Health Organization (WHO) uses the term ‘Disease X’ for any new emerging disease caused by an unknown pathogen X. Disease X stands for any possible future pandemic in WHO’s shortlist of high-priority diseases. This review looks at the manifestations of the recent COVID-19 epidemic as the first Disease X to evaluate what has happened and to learn from what went wrong in India and worldwide. To this end, a summary is presented of response measures by governments, often lacking flows of information, discrepancies in the views of experts and decisions of policymakers, and undesirable variations in individual and collective behavior and their consequences. The elements of combating Disease X in a world with considerable inequalities in relevant knowledge, expertise, information, quality of governance, and financial possibilities are discussed. Based on this, recommendations are given for an innovative global pandemic preparedness system.","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"122 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002391","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Disease X is caused by pathogen X, an unknown infectious agent that can potentially trigger an epidemic or pandemic. Pathogen X might be any pathogen, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and prions. World Health Organization (WHO) uses the term ‘Disease X’ for any new emerging disease caused by an unknown pathogen X. Disease X stands for any possible future pandemic in WHO’s shortlist of high-priority diseases. This review looks at the manifestations of the recent COVID-19 epidemic as the first Disease X to evaluate what has happened and to learn from what went wrong in India and worldwide. To this end, a summary is presented of response measures by governments, often lacking flows of information, discrepancies in the views of experts and decisions of policymakers, and undesirable variations in individual and collective behavior and their consequences. The elements of combating Disease X in a world with considerable inequalities in relevant knowledge, expertise, information, quality of governance, and financial possibilities are discussed. Based on this, recommendations are given for an innovative global pandemic preparedness system.
疾病 X 是由病原体 X 引起的，它是一种未知的传染性病原体，有可能引发流行病或大流行。病原体 X 可以是任何病原体，包括细菌、病毒、寄生虫、真菌和朊病毒。世界卫生组织（WHO）使用 "X 病 "一词来指由未知病原体 X 引起的任何新出现的疾病。本综述将近期 COVID-19 流行病的各种表现视为第一种 X 病，以评估在印度和全世界发生的情况并从中吸取教训。为此，本文总结了各国政府采取的应对措施、经常缺乏的信息流、专家观点与决策者决策之间的差异，以及个人和集体行为的不良变化及其后果。讨论了在一个相关知识、专业技能、信息、管理质量和财政能力相当不平等的世界中防治 X 病的要素。在此基础上，提出了创新性全球大流行病防备系统的建议。
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