Exploring the Antimicrobial and Probiotic Potential of Microorganisms Derived from Kazakh Dairy Products

Microbiology Research Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI:10.3390/microbiolres15030087

S. Anuarbekova, Zhandarbek Bekshin, Serik Shaikhin, G. Alzhanova, A.M. Sadykov, Aslan Temirkhanov, Z. Sarmurzina, Yerkanat N. Kanafin

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Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in clinical settings has intensified the search for new probiotic strains with both health benefits and technological utility. This study aims to identify and characterize promising antimicrobial cultures derived from milk and dairy products, capable of inhibiting opportunistic pathogens. The samples of dairy products were collected from various markets across Kazakhstan. Microorganisms isolated from these samples underwent identification through 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing, using the BLAST algorithm. Their antimicrobial activity was assessed using the delayed antagonism method against pathogenic microorganisms including E. coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas sp., Candida sp., and B. subtilis. Additionally, the isolates were evaluated for resistance to environmental stress factors such as temperature, pH, salt, ethanol, glucose, and peroxide. From 24 distinct samples, 33 isolates were purified, with 15 demonstrating high viability (108–109 CFU/mL) and stress resistance. Notably, Lacticaseibacillus casei AK and Enterococcus faecium KS exhibited resistance to all tested stress conditions. Antimicrobial screening revealed strong activity by strains LP, LB, and S-2 against multiple pathogens. Genotyping and carbohydrate fermentation tests identified these effective isolates as belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Lactiplantibacillus, Streptococcus, and the yeast genus Pichia. This study underscores the industrial and health potential of the identified microorganisms. Prominent among the strains, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LP, Lacticaseibacillus casei AK, Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis LB, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S-2, and Enterococcus faecium KS have been recognized as potent probiotics. These strains exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity coupled with robust stress tolerance, making them suitable candidates for probiotic applications.

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探索从哈萨克乳制品中提取的微生物的抗菌和益生潜力

抗生素耐药性病原体在临床环境中的出现，加剧了人们对既有益健康又有技术用途的新型益生菌株的探索。本研究旨在鉴定和描述从牛奶和乳制品中提取的有希望抑制机会性病原体的抗菌培养物。乳制品样本是从哈萨克斯坦各地市场收集的。利用 BLAST 算法，通过 16S rRNA 和 ITS 基因测序对从这些样品中分离出来的微生物进行鉴定。采用延迟拮抗法评估了它们对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、假单胞菌、念珠菌和枯草杆菌等病原微生物的抗菌活性。此外，还评估了分离物对温度、pH 值、盐、乙醇、葡萄糖和过氧化物等环境压力因素的抗性。从 24 个不同的样本中，纯化出 33 个分离物，其中 15 个具有高活力（108-109 CFU/mL）和抗应激能力。值得注意的是，乳酸酶杆菌 AK 和粪肠球菌 KS 对所有测试的压力条件都表现出抗性。抗菌筛选显示，LP、LB 和 S-2 菌株对多种病原体具有很强的活性。基因分型和碳水化合物发酵测试确定这些有效分离物属于乳酸杆菌属、乳球菌属、肠球菌属、乳杆菌属、链球菌属和毕赤酵母属。这项研究强调了所发现微生物的工业和健康潜力。在这些菌株中，最突出的是戊糖乳杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LP）、酪酸乳杆菌（Lacticaseibacillus casei AK）、阿根廷乳杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis LB）、植物乳杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S-2）和粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium KS），它们已被公认为强效益生菌。这些菌株具有广谱抗菌活性和强大的抗应激能力，是益生菌应用的合适候选菌株。

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Microbiology Research

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