Identifying and Optimizing the Ecological Security Pattern of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2030

Land Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI:10.3390/land13081115
Longsheng Huang, Yi Tang, Youtao Song, Jinghui Liu, Hua Shen, Yi Du
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Abstract

The conflict between economic development and ecological protection continues to intensify, highlighting the necessity for constructing regional ecological security patterns (ESPs) to reconcile the relationship between development and protection effectively. This study used the GMOP and PLUS model to simulate future land use changes by 2030 under the following three scenarios: natural development (ND), ecological protection (EP), and economic development (ED). Employing the MSPA model and circuit theory, it identified ecological source areas and constructed the ESP for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTH) from 2000 to 2030. The results indicate that the proportion of ecological source areas increased from 22.24% in 2000 to 23.09% in 2020, the EP scenario showing the highest proportion of ecological source areas compared with the other two scenarios. These areas are densely distributed in the northern and western mountainous regions, with sparse distributions in the southern plains. The number of ecological corridors grew from 603 in 2000 to 616 in 2020, with the EP scenario having more corridors than the other two scenarios. From 2000 to 2030, corridors in the northern and western mountainous areas were denser, shorter, and more variable, while those in the southern plains were less dense, longer, and relatively stable. Over two decades, habitat areas for species in BTH increased, while landscape connectivity decreased. Compared with 2020 and the other two scenarios, the EP scenario saw an increase in habitat areas and improved landscape connectivity. The impact on ecological corridors and improvement areas primarily arose from a combination of socio-ecological drivers (e.g., elevation, slope, population), while the influence on restoration and key areas mainly stemmed from ecological factors (e.g., elevation, temperature, NDVI, precipitation). The findings demonstrate that distinguishing different geomorphological units to improve and restore the regional environment, while considering socio-ecological drivers, is crucial for restoring the overall ESP and landscape connectivity of BTH.
识别和优化 2000-2030 年京津冀城市群生态安全格局
经济发展与生态保护之间的矛盾不断加剧,凸显了构建区域生态安全格局(ESP)以有效协调发展与保护之间关系的必要性。本研究利用 GMOP 和 PLUS 模型模拟了到 2030 年自然发展(ND)、生态保护(EP)和经济发展(ED)三种情景下的未来土地利用变化。利用 MSPA 模型和回路理论,确定了京津冀城市群(BTH)2000 年至 2030 年的生态源区并构建了 ESP。结果表明,生态源区的比例从 2000 年的 22.24% 增加到 2020 年的 23.09%,其中 EP 方案的生态源区比例最高。这些区域密集分布在北部和西部山区,南部平原分布稀疏。生态走廊的数量从 2000 年的 603 个增加到 2020 年的 616 个,其中 EP 方案的生态走廊数量多于其他两个方案。从 2000 年到 2030 年,北部和西部山区的生态走廊密度更高、长度更短、变化更大,而南部平原的生态走廊密度更低、长度更长、相对稳定。20 年间,BTH 物种的栖息地面积增加了,而景观连通性却降低了。与 2020 年和其他两种情景相比,EP 情景下的栖息地面积有所增加,景观连通性有所改善。对生态走廊和改善区域的影响主要来自社会生态驱动因素(如海拔、坡度、人口)的综合作用,而对恢复和关键区域的影响主要来自生态因素(如海拔、温度、NDVI、降水)。研究结果表明,在考虑社会生态驱动因素的同时,区分不同的地貌单元以改善和恢复区域环境,对于恢复 BTH 的整体 ESP 和景观连通性至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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