Effect of W-OH Material on Water/Fertilizer Retention and Plant Growth in the Pisha Sandstone Area of China

Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.3390/su16156369

Zhishui Liang, Yue Sun, Xiuwen Fang, Bo Pan, Yuan Xiao, Haiying Gao, Zhiren Wu

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Abstract

The Pisha sandstone area in the Yellow River Basin is one of the regions with the most severe soil erosion in China and globally, and its erosion is particularly challenging to control. W-OH, a hydrophilic polyurethane material, possesses controllable degradation properties. It can react with water to achieve soil stabilization and erosion resistance during the curing process. The material has been successfully utilized in erosion control in Pisha sandstone areas. This study aims to investigate the impact of W-OH material on water/fertilizer retention and plant growth through experiments on soil hardness, permeability, soil evaporation, soil column leaching, pot tests, and a small-scale demonstration in practical engineering applications. The results indicate that different concentrations of W-OH solution can effectively permeate Pisha sandstone, solidifying the particles to create a flexible and porous consolidation layer on the surface with a specific depth. As the W-OH concentration (3%, 4%, and 5%) increases, the harnesses of the consolidation layer also increase but remain below 1.5 kPa, which does not impede plant root growth. The soil evaporation rate decreased by approximately 45.2%, 45.8%, and 50.3% compared to the control group. The reduction rates of cumulative total nitrogen (TN) content are around 43.57%, 48.14%, and 63.99%, and, for cumulative total phosphorus (TP), are approximately 27.96%, 45.70%, and 61.17% under the 3%, 4%, and 5% concentrations of W-OH solution, respectively. In the pot tests, concentrations of W-OH solution below 5% are suitable for germination and growth of monocotyledons, while the optimal concentration for dicotyledons is around 3%. In the demonstration, the vegetation coverage of the treated gully increases by approximately 11.35%. This research offers a promising and effective approach to enhance ecological restoration in Pisha sandstone areas.

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W-OH 材料对中国皮沙砂岩地区水肥保持和植物生长的影响

黄河流域的皮沙砂岩地区是中国乃至全球水土流失最严重的地区之一，其水土流失的治理尤其具有挑战性。W-OH 是一种亲水性聚氨酯材料，具有可控的降解特性。在固化过程中，它可以与水发生反应，从而达到稳定土壤和抗侵蚀的目的。该材料已成功用于皮沙砂岩地区的侵蚀控制。本研究旨在通过对土壤硬度、渗透性、土壤蒸发、土壤柱沥滤、盆栽试验和实际工程应用中的小规模示范等实验，研究 W-OH 材料对保水/保肥和植物生长的影响。结果表明，不同浓度的 W-OH 溶液可有效渗透皮沙砂岩，使颗粒固化，在特定深度的表面形成柔性多孔固结层。随着 W-OH 浓度（3%、4% 和 5%）的增加，固结层的线束也在增加，但仍低于 1.5 kPa，不会阻碍植物根系的生长。与对照组相比，土壤蒸发率分别降低了约 45.2%、45.8% 和 50.3%。在 3%、4% 和 5%浓度的 W-OH 溶液中，累积总氮（TN）含量的降低率分别约为 43.57%、48.14% 和 63.99%，累积总磷（TP）含量的降低率分别约为 27.96%、45.70% 和 61.17%。在盆栽试验中，浓度低于 5%的 W-OH 溶液适合单子叶植物的发芽和生长，而双子叶植物的最佳浓度约为 3%。在示范中，经过处理的水沟植被覆盖率增加了约 11.35%。这项研究为加强皮沙砂岩地区的生态恢复提供了一种前景广阔的有效方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Sustainability

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