Assesement of Surface Water Availability of Kathmandu Valley Using SWAT Model

IF 0.4 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.3233/ajw240041

Madan Pokhrel, Narendra Shakya, Manoj Lamichhane

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to analyse the surface water availability in the Kathmandu Valley. The model was calibrated and validated at Khokana station of basin area 592 km2 for the period from 2000 to 2015. To test the model’s performance for smaller subbasins, it was validated at Sundarijal station of basin area 16 km2. The daily runoff simulation statistics indicated that the model’s performance was satisfactory and the model effectively captured the runoff trend for the entire basin and subbasin catchment areas. This study demonstrates that the model can be adopted for assessing stream flow within the basin by selecting appropriate parameter values. The calibrated and validated model was subsequently applied to determine the surface water availability in surrounding mountainous, forested regions less affected by urbanisation, by setting up the model at 66 watersheds. The results indicate that the upper reaches of the Bagmati River basin and its tributary, the Nakkhu River, possess substantial surface water resources that can be utilised to alleviate water stress in the valley.

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利用 SWAT 模型评估加德满都谷地的地表水可用性

该研究使用土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）模型分析加德满都谷地的地表水供应情况。该模型于 2000 年至 2015 年期间在流域面积为 592 平方公里的霍卡纳站进行了校准和验证。为测试模型在较小流域的性能，在流域面积为 16 平方公里的 Sundarijal 站进行了验证。日径流模拟统计数据表明，模型的性能令人满意，模型有效地捕捉了整个流域和子流域集水区的径流趋势。这项研究表明，通过选择适当的参数值，该模型可用于评估流域内的溪流。随后，通过在 66 个流域建立模型，将经过校核和验证的模型用于确定受城市化影响较小的周边山区和森林地区的地表水可用性。结果表明，巴格马蒂河流域上游及其支流纳库河拥有大量地表水资源，可用于缓解河谷地区的用水压力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

20.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Asia, as a whole region, faces severe stress on water availability, primarily due to high population density. Many regions of the continent face severe problems of water pollution on local as well as regional scale and these have to be tackled with a pan-Asian approach. However, the available literature on the subject is generally based on research done in Europe and North America. Therefore, there is an urgent and strong need for an Asian journal with its focus on the region and wherein the region specific problems are addressed in an intelligent manner. In Asia, besides water, there are several other issues related to environment, such as; global warming and its impact; intense land/use and shifting pattern of agriculture; issues related to fertilizer applications and pesticide residues in soil and water; and solid and liquid waste management particularly in industrial and urban areas. Asia is also a region with intense mining activities whereby serious environmental problems related to land/use, loss of top soil, water pollution and acid mine drainage are faced by various communities. Essentially, Asians are confronted with environmental problems on many fronts. Many pressing issues in the region interlink various aspects of environmental problems faced by population in this densely habited region in the world. Pollution is one such serious issue for many countries since there are many transnational water bodies that spread the pollutants across the entire region. Water, environment and pollution together constitute a three axial problem that all concerned people in the region would like to focus on.