Mercury Contamination from Artisanal Small-scale Gold Mining Activities in Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia

Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.3233/ajw240049
C. Nuryanty, Etty Riani, Zaenal Abidin, S. Sutjahjo, Agung Riyadi
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Abstract

Mercury is still used in the amalgamation process in small-scale gold processing. This study aims to evaluate the mercury contamination of various environmental media in the artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) area in the Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency. The ecological media examined in this study included groundwater, river water, soil, sediment, biota, and plants. The threshold number was determined using APHA 3125 and Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7387:2009. Meanwhile, the mercury concentration in the ambient air was measured directly using a mercury analyser. Mercury concentrations in the water, soil, sediment, biota, and plant matrices were calculated using a calibration curve. The study found that the levels of mercury in groundwater, river water, and sediment were all below the applicable quality standards of <0.0001, <0.0001 and 0.001 mg/L, respectively. However, the levels of mercury in soil and plants were 27.28 and 0.52 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, the levels of mercury in four types of fish found in a river adjacent to the ASGM location, namely beunteur (0.33 mg/kg), snakehead (0.05 mg/kg), catfish (0.26 mg/kg) and eel (0.20 mg/kg), exceeded the specified quality standards. In conclusion, mercury contamination is present in the soil, plants, and aquatic biota (fish) in the ASGM area in the Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency.
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印度尼西亚西爪哇苏卡布米县辛潘南区手工小规模金矿开采活动造成的汞污染
汞仍被用于小规模金矿加工中的汞齐化过程。本研究旨在评估苏卡布米县辛潘南区手工小规模采金(ASGM)地区各种环境介质的汞污染情况。本研究考察的生态介质包括地下水、河水、土壤、沉积物、生物群和植物。阈值数是根据 APHA 3125 和印度尼西亚国家标准 (SNI) 7387:2009 确定的。同时,使用汞分析仪直接测量了环境空气中的汞浓度。水、土壤、沉积物、生物群和植物基质中的汞浓度是通过校准曲线计算得出的。研究发现,地下水、河水和沉积物中的汞含量都低于适用的质量标准,分别为小于 0.0001、小于 0.0001 和 0.001 毫克/升。不过,土壤和植物中的汞含量分别为 27.28 毫克/千克和 0.52 毫克/千克。此外,在 ASGM 地点附近的一条河流中发现的四种鱼类,即黄颡鱼(0.33 毫克/千克)、乌鳢(0.05 毫克/千克)、鲶鱼(0.26 毫克/千克)和鳗鱼(0.20 毫克/千克)中的汞含量超过了规定的质量标准。总之,苏卡布米省辛潘南地区 ASGM 区域的土壤、植物和水生生物群(鱼类)中都存在汞污染。
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