In situ impacts of late-season low temperatures on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber quality and yield on the Texas High Plains

Abstract

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production is important for the economy of the Texas High Plains (THP). This region of Texas is semi-arid and regularly experiences harsh weather conditions that can be difficult to predict. Some years, a cold front will pass through the area before local cotton crops have reached maturity and there are concerns that fiber maturation stops after these cold weather events. In 2020, fiber samples were collected at two locations on the THP (representing northern and southern cotton producing regions) before, during, and after a cold front (<10°C) moved through the area in September, which is a critical period for fiber maturation. Single boll samples were taken at New Deal, TX (representing a southern location) in the first position from nodes 5, 8, and 11. At Etter, TX (representing a northern location), 30-boll bulk samples were taken from first position bolls on nodes 5, 8, and 11. Advanced fiber information system testing determined the fiber quality of single boll samples. Lint weight in both locations continued to increase despite the cool temperatures. At New Deal, upper quartile length, length, short fiber content, seed coat neps, fineness, and maturity all saw significant improvements from before to after the cold front. This indicates that the bolls continued developing after exposure to cool temperatures on the THP.