Tinea capitis due to Microsporum canis in the ‎university hospital Hassan II of fez: ‎Epidemiological and mycological ‎profile

Kenza Bennani, Mohammed Sekal, Soukaina Adadi, Zineb Tlamçani
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Abstract

Microsporum canis (M. canis) is a widespread zoophilic dermatophyte worldwide and is identified as the primary causative agent of scalp ringworm in prepubescent children. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological and mycological profile of scalp tinea due to M. canis diagnosed at the Hassan II University Hospital in Fes. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2023, involving all patients referred to our parasitology-mycology laboratory for scalp mycological sampling, excluding those already under antifungal treatment. Out of a total of 251 patients, 72 patients were confirmed to have scalp ringworm based on fungal culture (28.68%). Among the positive samples, 33 cases were confirmed as M. canis positive (45.83%). The mean age of patients with M. canis scalp ringworm was 8.75 years, with a predominance (63.63%) in children aged 5 to 10 years. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.35. A history of contact with animals was found in 60.6% of cases, and immunosuppression was noted in 3.03% of cases. The tinea capitis presenting as large alopecic patches was exclusive to the 33 patients. Direct examination was positive in 66.66% of cases, showing an endo-ectothrix pattern of hair parasitism in all cases. Our study confirmed the predominance of M. canis scalp ringworm in school-aged male children and its rarity in adults, consistent with the literature, particularly studies from Tunisia, Cameroon, and Germany.
非斯哈桑二世大学医院中由犬小孢子菌引起的头癣:流行病学和真菌学概况
犬小孢子菌(M. canis)是一种遍布全球的嗜动物皮癣菌,已被确定为青春期前儿童头皮癣的主要致病菌。本研究旨在描述在菲斯哈桑二世大学医院确诊的犬毛癣菌引起的头皮癣的流行病学和真菌学概况。这是一项描述性横断面研究,研究时间为 2016 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 12 月 31 日,涉及所有转诊至寄生虫学-霉菌学实验室进行头皮霉菌学采样的患者,不包括已经接受抗真菌治疗的患者。在总共 251 名患者中,有 72 名患者(28.68%)经真菌培养证实患有头皮癣。在阳性样本中,有 33 例被确诊为犬毛癣菌阳性(45.83%)。犬科真菌头癣患者的平均年龄为 8.75 岁,以 5 至 10 岁儿童居多(63.63%)。男女性别比为 1.35。60.6%的病例有动物接触史,3.03%的病例存在免疫抑制。33例患者中仅有33例出现大面积脱发的头癣。66.66% 的病例的直接检查结果呈阳性,所有病例的毛发寄生模式均为内外生性。我们的研究证实,犬毛癣菌头皮癣主要发生在学龄男童身上,而在成人中则很少见,这与文献,尤其是突尼斯、喀麦隆和德国的研究结果一致。
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