The Role of Plant-Mycorrhizal-Fungal Interactions in Soil Health and Carbon Sequestration in Agroecosystems

Ramesh Chandra Vishwakarma
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Abstract

Abstract: Understanding the intricate interactions between plants, mycorrhizal fungi, and soil health is crucial for sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. This review synthesizes current research to elucidate the multifaceted role of plantmycorrhizal-fungal interactions in soil health and carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. A meta-analysis of 75 studies spanning diverse ecosystems and plant species reveals a significant positive correlation between mycorrhizal colonization and soil organic carbon content, with an average increase of 25% compared to non-mycorrhizal systems. Furthermore, mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances soil structure and aggregation, promoting water retention and nutrient cycling, which are essential for maintaining soil fertility and resilience to environmental stressors. The contributions of different mycorrhizal types (arbuscular, ectomycorrhizal, and ericoid) to soil carbon dynamics are also examined, highlighting their unique roles in carbon allocation and stabilization. Additionally, the review discusses the potential implications of plant-mycorrhizal-fungal interactions for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through enhanced carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. Insights into the mechanisms underlying these interactions, including mycorrhizal-mediated changes in root exudates, microbial communities, and soil enzymatic activities, are discussed. Overall, this review underscores the importance of integrating mycorrhizal symbiosis into agroecosystem management practices to enhance soil health, carbon sequestration, and climate resilience.
植物-菌根-真菌相互作用在农业生态系统的土壤健康和碳吸收中的作用
摘要:了解植物、菌根真菌和土壤健康之间错综复杂的相互作用对于可持续农业和减缓气候变化至关重要。本综述综合了当前的研究,以阐明植物菌根真菌在土壤健康和农业生态系统固碳中的多方面作用。对跨越不同生态系统和植物物种的 75 项研究进行的荟萃分析表明,菌根定殖与土壤有机碳含量之间存在显著的正相关关系,与非菌根系统相比,平均增加 25%。此外,菌根共生还能增强土壤结构和聚合力,促进水分保持和养分循环,这对保持土壤肥力和抵御环境压力至关重要。综述还研究了不同菌根类型(丛生菌根、外生菌根和麦角菌根)对土壤碳动态的贡献,强调了它们在碳分配和稳定中的独特作用。此外,综述还讨论了植物-菌根-真菌相互作用对通过加强农业土壤固碳来减少温室气体排放的潜在影响。综述还讨论了这些相互作用的内在机制,包括菌根介导的根部渗出物、微生物群落和土壤酶活性的变化。总之,这篇综述强调了将菌根共生融入农业生态系统管理实践以增强土壤健康、碳固存和气候适应能力的重要性。
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