Preclinical ImmunoPET Imaging Using a Zr-89-Labeled Anti-CD146 Monoclonal Antibody for Diagnosis of Melanoma.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-Ab253 as a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for CD146-positive malignant melanoma imaging. Considering the high expression of CD146 in malignant melanoma, this study investigated the effect of different CD146 expression levels on the tumor uptake of [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-Ab253. CD146 selectivity was investigated by using the CD146-positive human melanoma cell A375 and the CD146-negative human alveolar epithelial cell A549. The cell uptake of [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-Ab253 tracers was investigated, and receptor-binding affinities were measured by radioactive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biodistribution studies and micro-PET imaging of the radiotracers were performed on mice bearing A375 and A549 xenografts under baseline and blocking conditions. An immunohistochemical test was performed using A375 and A549 tissue sections for CD146 expression level analysis. [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-Ab253 was obtained with a high radiochemical yield (87.86 ± 4.66%) and a satisfactory radiochemical purity (>98.0%). The specificity and affinity of [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-Ab253 were confirmed in melanoma A375 cells and in vivo PET imaging of A375 tumor models. [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG and A549 lung tumors were prepared as control radiotracers and negative models to verify the specificity of [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-Ab253 on CD146. [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-Ab253 has a K_d of 4.01 ± 0.50 nM. PET imaging and biodistribution showed a higher uptake of [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-Ab253 in A375 melanomas than that in A549 tumors (42.1 ± 4.04% vs 7.87 ± 1.30% ID/g at 120 h, P < 0.05). A low tumor uptake of [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG was observed with uptakes of 1.91 ± 0.41 and 2.80 ± 0.14 ID%/g when blocked at 120 h. The radiation-absorbed dose was calculated to be 0.13 mSv/MBq. This study demonstrates the synthesis and preclinical evaluation of [⁸⁹Zr]Zr-DFO-Ab253 and indicates that the novel tracer has promising applications in malignant melanoma-specific PET imaging because of its high uptake and long-time retention in malignant melanoma. It also provides feasibility for the development of integrated molecular probes for diagnosis and treatment based on the CD146 target.