Elucidating dietary secrets of the Blue-headed Macaw, Primolius couloni (Sclater, 1876), through citizen-sourced photographs

IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Austral Ecology Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI:10.1111/aec.13570
Lucilene Brito, Angela de Souza Cavalcante, Lucas Sobral Santos, Ana Laura Campioto, Paulo Antonio Silva
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Dietary data are vital for understanding species' resource requirements and ecological roles and supporting conservation efforts. The Blue-headed Macaw, Primolius couloni, is a vulnerable and endemic species in the Amazon. Due to their rarity, elusive nature, complex forest canopy habitat, and occurrence in remote areas, we minimally know their dietary habits. To address this gap, we analysed photographs of Blue-headed Macaws posted on wildlife-focused social media platforms, specifically targeting images that capture foraging behaviour on plants. Photographs depicting the same foraging were included only once, and those where the plants were not identified were discarded. By doing so, we identified 36 distinct foraging events (or photos), primarily taken between July and October, concentrated in specific locations in Peru and Brazil, a potential seasonality in foraging. We documented 27 food plant species and items such as nectar (n = 9 photos), pulp (8), seeds (7), buds, bark (5 each), aril, and leaves (n = 1 photo each). Notably, floral resources, including nectar, are a potentially important food in the driest months. Using Levin's Index (Ba), we identified a broad dietary niche, indicating a generalist feeding strategy with a wide variety of plant species (Ba = 0.69) and food items (Ba = 0.88). Additionally, the study revealed interactions such as florivory, seed predation, bark consumption, and potential mutualistic roles like pollination and seed dispersal. Our photo-centric approach here expanded the known dietary spectrum of the Blue-headed Macaw from four to 31 plant species, offering new insights for conservation strategies. We recommend the preservation of identified food plants and suggest using these data to inform habitat restoration efforts that support the macaws' dietary needs and ecological functions. Future research should focus on continuous monitoring of these food plants to deepen our understanding of seasonal foraging trends and ecological interactions and refine conservation approaches.

通过市民提供的照片揭示蓝头金刚鹦鹉(Primolius couloni,Sclater,1876 年)的饮食秘密
膳食数据对于了解物种的资源需求和生态作用以及支持保护工作至关重要。蓝头金刚鹦鹉(Primolius couloni)是亚马逊地区的一种脆弱的特有物种。由于其稀有性、难以捉摸的特性、复杂的林冠栖息地以及在偏远地区的出现,我们对其饮食习惯的了解微乎其微。为了填补这一空白,我们分析了在以野生动物为重点的社交媒体平台上发布的蓝头金刚鹦鹉的照片,特别是捕捉其在植物上觅食行为的图片。描述相同觅食行为的照片只收录一次,未识别植物的照片将被舍弃。通过这样做,我们确定了 36 个不同的觅食事件(或照片),主要拍摄于 7 月至 10 月间,集中在秘鲁和巴西的特定地点,这是觅食的潜在季节性。我们记录了 27 种食物植物,包括花蜜(9 张照片)、果肉(8 张)、种子(7 张)、花蕾、树皮(各 5 张)、假种皮和叶子(各 1 张照片)。值得注意的是,包括花蜜在内的花卉资源可能是最干旱月份的重要食物。利用列文指数(Ba),我们确定了一个广泛的食性生态位,表明这是一种通食策略,有多种植物种类(Ba = 0.69)和食物(Ba = 0.88)。此外,该研究还揭示了花食、种子捕食、树皮消耗等相互作用,以及授粉和种子传播等潜在的互利作用。我们以照片为中心的研究方法将蓝头金刚鹦鹉的已知食物范围从 4 种植物扩展到 31 种植物,为保护策略提供了新的见解。我们建议保护已确定的食用植物,并建议利用这些数据为栖息地恢复工作提供信息,以支持金刚鹦鹉的饮食需求和生态功能。未来的研究应侧重于对这些食用植物的持续监测,以加深我们对季节性觅食趋势和生态相互作用的了解,并完善保护方法。
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来源期刊
Austral Ecology
Austral Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
117
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Austral Ecology is the premier journal for basic and applied ecology in the Southern Hemisphere. As the official Journal of The Ecological Society of Australia (ESA), Austral Ecology addresses the commonality between ecosystems in Australia and many parts of southern Africa, South America, New Zealand and Oceania. For example many species in the unique biotas of these regions share common Gondwana ancestors. ESA''s aim is to publish innovative research to encourage the sharing of information and experiences that enrich the understanding of the ecology of the Southern Hemisphere. Austral Ecology involves an editorial board with representatives from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Brazil and Argentina. These representatives provide expert opinions, access to qualified reviewers and act as a focus for attracting a wide range of contributions from countries across the region. Austral Ecology publishes original papers describing experimental, observational or theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine or freshwater systems, which are considered without taxonomic bias. Special thematic issues are published regularly, including symposia on the ecology of estuaries and soft sediment habitats, freshwater systems and coral reef fish.
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