Transposon-derived introns as an element shaping the structure of eukaryotic genomes

IF 4.7 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY
Weronika Mikina, Paweł Hałakuc, Rafał Milanowski
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The widely accepted hypothesis postulates that the first spliceosomal introns originated from group II self-splicing introns. However, it is evident that not all spliceosomal introns in the nuclear genes of modern eukaryotes are inherited through vertical transfer of intronic sequences. Several phenomena contribute to the formation of new introns but their most common origin seems to be the insertion of transposable elements. Recent analyses have highlighted instances of mass gains of new introns from transposable elements. These events often coincide with an increase or change in the spliceosome's tolerance to splicing signals, including the acceptance of noncanonical borders. Widespread acquisitions of transposon-derived introns occur across diverse evolutionary lineages, indicating convergent processes. These events, though independent, likely require a similar set of conditions. These conditions include the presence of transposon elements with features enabling their removal at the RNA level as introns and/or the existence of a splicing mechanism capable of excising unusual sequences that would otherwise not be recognized as introns by standard splicing machinery. Herein we summarize those mechanisms across different eukaryotic lineages.
转座子衍生的内含子是塑造真核生物基因组结构的一个要素
广为接受的假说认为,第一个剪接体内含子起源于第二组自剪接内含子。然而,现代真核生物核基因中的剪接体内含子显然并非都是通过内含子序列的垂直转移而遗传的。有几种现象有助于新内含子的形成,但它们最常见的起源似乎是转座元件的插入。最近的分析强调了转座元件大量增加新内含子的情况。这些事件往往与剪接体对剪接信号耐受性的增加或改变同时发生,包括接受非规范边界。转座子衍生内含子的广泛获得发生在不同的进化系中,表明了趋同的过程。这些事件虽然各自独立,但很可能需要一套相似的条件。这些条件包括转座子元件的存在,其特征是能在 RNA 水平上将其作为内含子移除,以及/或存在一种剪接机制,能够切除标准剪接机制无法识别为内含子的不寻常序列。在此,我们总结了不同真核生物系的这些机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Mobile DNA
Mobile DNA GENETICS & HEREDITY-
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
6.10%
发文量
26
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Mobile DNA is an online, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes articles providing novel insights into DNA rearrangements in all organisms, ranging from transposition and other types of recombination mechanisms to patterns and processes of mobile element and host genome evolution. In addition, the journal will consider articles on the utility of mobile genetic elements in biotechnological methods and protocols.
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