Optimised break scheduling vs. rest breaks in collective agreements under fatigue and non preemption

IF 9.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL
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Abstract

Collective agreements provide all workers with identical break schedules, irrespective of their individual differences in susceptibility to fatigue and recovery speed. In addition, companies tend to limit breaks which is also detrimental to productivity. We consider workers performing a repetitive task, each endowed with an individual fatigue and recovery function. Fatigue slows down the unit processing time which can be restored by appropriate breaks, therefore allowing for the daily production amount to be optimised. The optimised production of each worker can actually be reached for a multitude of break schedules. We therefore develop an algorithm that lists all possible break schedules (enumeration), and selects those leading to the maximum daily output, and the maximum welfare. Welfare is defined by the break duration and their timing flexibility, since we allow breaks to be also taken at the beginning or end of the workday, enabling workers to spend less time in the workplace. Having a variety of schedules would help in meeting at best the workers’ preferences and facilitate a consensus on a specific schedule between managers and workers. The resulting optimised break schedules are compared with common break practices in collective agreements so as to assess their impact on productivity and on worker’s welfare. None of the break scheduling models in the literature considers the option of leaving the workplace earlier, which is nevertheless highly appreciated by workers, nor do these models provide a variety of optimised break schedules to best accommodate workers’ preferences.

疲劳和非抢占条件下集体协议中的优化休息时间安排与休息时间对比
集体协议为所有工人规定了相同的休息时间,而不考虑他们在易疲劳程度和恢复速度方面的个体差异。此外,公司往往会限制休息时间,这也不利于提高生产率。我们认为,从事重复性工作的工人,每个人都有各自的疲劳和恢复功能。疲劳会减慢单位处理时间,而适当的休息时间可以恢复单位处理时间,从而优化日产量。每个工人的最优生产量实际上可以通过多种休息时间安排来实现。因此,我们开发了一种算法,可以列出所有可能的休息时间安排(枚举),并选择那些能带来最大日产量和最大福利的休息时间安排。福利是由休息时间的长短和时间的灵活性决定的,因为我们允许在工作日开始或结束时也安排休息时间,从而使工人在工作场所花费更少的时间。多种休息时间安排有助于最大限度地满足工人的偏好,并促进管理者和工人就具体的休息时间安排达成共识。将优化后的休息时间安排与集体协议中常见的休息时间安排进行比较,以评估其对生产率和工人福利的影响。文献中的休息时间安排模型都没有考虑工人非常喜欢的提前离开工作场所的选择,这些模型也没有提供各种优化的休息时间安排,以最大限度地满足工人的偏好。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Production Economics
International Journal of Production Economics 管理科学-工程:工业
CiteScore
21.40
自引率
7.50%
发文量
266
审稿时长
52 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Production Economics focuses on the interface between engineering and management. It covers all aspects of manufacturing and process industries, as well as production in general. The journal is interdisciplinary, considering activities throughout the product life cycle and material flow cycle. It aims to disseminate knowledge for improving industrial practice and strengthening the theoretical base for decision making. The journal serves as a forum for exchanging ideas and presenting new developments in theory and application, combining academic standards with practical value for industrial applications.
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