Environmental multipliers for circular flow–positive-profit economies: formulation, implications and empirical illustration

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI:10.1007/s40844-024-00286-y
Theodore Mariolis, Christos Tsirimokos
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Abstract

This paper formulates an environmental extension of the Kurz matrix demand multipliers for circular flow–positive-profit economies and, thus, provides a theoretical and empirical integration of income distribution–value, trade, effective demand and ‘green policy’ considerations. The findings highlight the complex ways in which environmental multiplier effects depend on the technical conditions of production, distributive variables, relative commodity prices, savings ratios out of wages and profits, direct and indirect tax rates, patterns of household consumption demand, physical composition of autonomous demand, and ultimately on the resulting socio-technical inter-country ‘backward’ linkages and leakages. On the one hand, then, the overall findings of this paper challenge the effectiveness of traditional effective demand management and environmental tax policies to reduce pollutant emissions, energy use or/and unemployment. On the other hand, however, they suggest an alternative, fairly general and flexible framework for studying environmental multiplier effects at the level of individual industries and sectors, both nationally and transnationally.

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循环流动正利润经济体的环境乘数:表述、影响和经验说明
本文提出了库尔兹矩阵需求乘数的环境扩展,适用于循环流动的正利润经济体,从而从理论和经验上整合了收入分配-价值、贸易、有效需求和 "绿色政策 "因素。研究结果凸显了环境乘数效应取决于生产技术条件、分配变量、相对商品价格、工资和利润中的储蓄比率、直接和间接税率、家庭消费需求模式、自主需求的实际构成,以及最终取决于由此产生的国家间社会技术 "后向 "联系和泄漏的复杂方式。因此,一方面,本文的总体结论对传统的有效需求管理和环境税收政策在减少污染物排放、能源使用或/和失业方面的有效性提出了质疑。但另一方面,这些结论也为研究国内和跨国个别产业和部门的环境乘数效应提出了一个替代性的、相当普遍和灵活的框架。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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