Towards a profound understanding of methyl orange removal from industrial wastewater using a raw walnut shell: Kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, and statistical physics calculations

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2024.125606

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Abstract

The present study investigates the adsorption of the anionic dye methyl orange (MO) using raw walnut shells (RWS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to evaluate RWS collected in the Moroccan High Atlas (Tounfite) highlands. The batch mode adsorption experiments showed a remarkable removal during the first ten minutes, suggesting that the adsorption capacity is controlled by several parameters related to both the medium and the adsorbent. Based on the experimental results, 98 % of the MO dye was adsorbed on the walnut shell at pH >5 and room temperature (25±2 °C). The general order best explained the adsorption of MO on the walnut shells, suggesting that the number of active sites required changes with temperature. The two-layer model was the most appropriate physical-statistical model to explain the L-2 isotherms regarding the adsorption equilibrium. According to the models, methyl orange tends to be adsorbed on the surface of the monolayer, with individual molecules then adsorbing on top of each other. At all temperatures studied, the adsorption is endothermic and tends to be spontaneous, according to simulations of thermodynamic functions of RWS.

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深刻理解利用生核桃壳去除工业废水中的甲基橙：动力学、平衡、热力学和统计物理学计算

本研究调查了生核桃壳（RWS）对阴离子染料甲基橙（MO）的吸附情况。研究人员采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜技术，对在摩洛哥高阿特拉斯（图恩菲特）高原采集的核桃壳进行了评估。批处理模式吸附实验显示，在最初的十分钟内，吸附能力显著提高，这表明吸附能力受与介质和吸附剂有关的几个参数的控制。根据实验结果，在 pH 值大于 5 和室温（25±2 °C）条件下，98% 的 MO 染料被吸附在核桃壳上。通式顺序最能解释 MO 在核桃壳上的吸附，表明所需的活性位点数量随温度的变化而变化。双层模型是解释有关吸附平衡的 L-2 等温线最合适的物理-统计模型。根据该模型，甲基橙倾向于吸附在单层表面，然后单个分子相互吸附。根据对 RWS 热力学函数的模拟，在研究的所有温度下，吸附都是内热的，并趋向于自发的。

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.