Long-Term Outcomes of Untreated Micropenis: Growth Patterns and Predictive Factors

Davoud Amirkashani, Mostafa Abdollahi Sarvi, Mostafa Masoumi
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Abstract

Background: Micropenis, defined as a penile length more than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean for age and population, presents significant concerns for patients and parents. Despite current guidelines recommending multidisciplinary management, there is limited evidence on long-term outcomes, particularly in untreated patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 46 male children aged 7 to 9 years presenting with micropenis at the Ali Asghar Endocrine Clinic from 2015 to 2023. Initial penile size, BMI, and other growth parameters were measured, with biannual follow-ups extending three years post-bone fusion to evaluate growth rates and influential factors. Results: Initial mean stretched penile length (SPL) was 3.22 ± 0.21 cm. Significant increases in penile size were observed across all intervals, with the highest growth rates occurring between the first- and second-years post-fusion. BMI emerged as the most significant predictor of penile growth, while initial SPL was the least influential factor. By the third-year post-fusion, all subjects achieved penile lengths within the normal range. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that most untreated micropenis patients attain normal penile size by adulthood, highlighting the importance of monitoring growth rates rather than focusing solely on initial penile size. This study provides critical insights for developing guidelines and management strategies for micropenis, emphasizing the necessity of continued follow-up to ensure optimal outcomes.
未经治疗的小阴茎的长期结果:生长模式和预测因素
背景:小阴茎是指阴茎长度低于年龄和人口平均值 2.5 个标准差以上,这给患者和家长带来了极大的困扰。尽管目前的指南建议进行多学科治疗,但有关长期治疗效果的证据却很有限,尤其是未经治疗的患者:这项回顾性队列研究涉及2015年至2023年期间在阿里-阿斯加尔内分泌诊所就诊的46名7至9岁小阴茎症男童。研究人员测量了最初的阴茎尺寸、体重指数(BMI)和其他生长参数,并在骨融合术后三年进行了一年两次的随访,以评估生长速度和影响因素:结果:初始平均阴茎拉伸长度(SPL)为 3.22 ± 0.21 厘米。阴茎尺寸在所有时间段内均有显著增长,融合后第一年和第二年的增长率最高。体重指数是预测阴茎增长的最重要因素,而初始 SPL 是影响最小的因素。到了融合后的第三年,所有受试者的阴茎长度都达到了正常范围:我们的研究结果表明,大多数未经治疗的小阴茎症患者在成年后阴茎的尺寸都能达到正常水平,这就强调了监测阴茎生长速度的重要性,而不是仅仅关注最初的阴茎尺寸。这项研究为制定小阴茎症的治疗指南和管理策略提供了重要的启示,强调了持续跟踪以确保最佳治疗效果的必要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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