Early Detection of Cyber-Physical Attacks on Electric Vehicles Fast Charging Stations Using Wavelets and Deep Learning

Abstract

Transportation electrification plays an important role in the operation of the smart grid through the integration of the electric vehicle fast charging stations (EVFCSs), which allows the electric vehicles to provide regulation services to the grid through the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concept. However, such an integration makes smart grid assets prone to cyber vulnerability threats. In this paper, a cyber-physical attack detection approach is developed to early detect such attacks. The proposed approach combines the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and the convolution neural network (CNN) to provide an effective detection technique. The proposed detection approach has undergone rigorous testing that considered 420 realistic operational scenarios. Unlike in previous work, the proposed detection approach was found to be effective in automatically learning the salient features from the data as well as identifying the frequency bands that hold such features and using them in the classification process. Furthermore, this work investigated the cyber-attack detection accuracy using different time resolutions of smart meters. The results have shown that the proposed approach effectively detects cyber-physical attacks with an accuracy of 99.76% and a low computational time of 1.8 seconds.