Separation of Sodium Signals Between Mono- and Bi-Exponential T2 Decays via Multi-TE Single-Quantum Sodium (23Na) MRI

arXiv - PHYS - Medical Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI:arxiv-2407.09868

Yongxian QianBernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Ying-Chia LinBernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Xingye ChenBernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USAVilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Tiejun ZhaoSiemens Medical Solutions USA, New York, NY, USA, Karthik LakshmananBernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Yulin GeBernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Yvonne W. LuiBernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USADepartment of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA, Fernando E. BoadaBernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USANow at Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

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Abstract

Purpose. It is a long standing pursuit in sodium (23Na) MRI to separate signals between mono and bi exponential T2 decays in the human brain, due to lack of clinically translational solutions under the restriction of intrinsically low signal to noise ratio (SNR). Here we propose a new technique called multi TE single quantum (MSQ) sodium MRI to address the challenge. Methods. We exploit an intrinsic difference in T2 decay between mono and bi exponential sodium signals by acquiring SQ images at multiple TEs and performing voxel based matrix inversions on these SQ images. The MSQ method was then investigated on numerical models, agar phantoms, and human brains for the feasibility on clinical scanners at 3T. Results. The whole brain T2* spectrum of FID signals from the study subjects showed sparse peaks (2 to 4 peaks), suggesting a global set of T2* values (T2*fr, T2*bs, T2*bl) applicable to the separation. The simulations indicated a small impact (3.9 to 5.6 percent) of T2* variation on accuracy of the separation, and the phantom experiments showed a high accuracy of the separation, 95.8 percent for mono T2 sodium and 72.5 to 80.4 percent for biT2 sodium. The human studies demonstrated feasibility of the separation and potentials of highlighting abnormal brain regions in the biT2 sodium images. Conclusion. The MSQ technique has been shown, via the numerical simulations, phantom experiments, and human brain studies, to be able to separate mono and bi T2 sodium signals using a two TE sampling scheme and a global set of T2* values. However, MSQ has limitations and requires cautions in practice. Keywords. sodium MRI, single quantum MRI, triple quantum MRI, neuroimaging, neurodegeneration

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通过多梯度单量子钠（23Na）磁共振成像分离单指数和双指数 T2 衰减的钠信号

目的。长期以来，钠（23Na）磁共振成像（MRI）一直致力于分离人脑中的单指数和双指数 T2 衰变信号，但由于信噪比（SNR）过低，临床上缺乏可转化的解决方案。在此，我们提出了一种称为多 TE 单量子（MSQ）钠磁共振成像的新技术来应对这一挑战。我们通过在多个 TE 获取 SQ 图像，并在这些 SQ 图像上执行基于体素的矩阵反转，从而利用单双倍量子钠信号在 T2 衰减上的内在差异。然后在数字模型、琼脂模型和人脑上研究 MSQ 方法在 3T 临床扫描仪上的可行性。研究结果研究对象的 FID 信号的全脑 T2* 频谱显示出稀疏的峰值（2 到 4 个峰值），这表明有一组全局 T2* 值（T2*fr、T2*bs、T2*bl）适用于这些分割。模拟结果表明，T2*的变化对分离的准确性影响较小（3.9% 到 5.6%），而模型实验显示分离的准确性很高，单 T2 钠的准确性为 95.8%，双 T2 钠的准确性为 72.5% 到 80.4%。人体研究证明了这种分离的可行性以及在双 T2 钠图像中突出显示异常脑区的潜力。结论通过数值模拟、人体模型实验和人脑研究，MSQ 技术已被证明能够使用双 TE 采样方案和全套 T2* 值分离单 T2 和双 T2 钠信号。然而，MSQ 有其局限性，在实际应用中需要谨慎。关键词：钠核磁共振成像；单量子核磁共振成像；三量子核磁共振成像；神经影像学；神经变性

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arXiv - PHYS - Medical Physics

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