A Brief Report of Lung Cancer Screening Utilization Before, During, and in the Later Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

Abstract

Introduction

Although COVID-19 has affected health care and screening utilization, its impact on lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake remains unclear. Our study investigated LCS utilization and associated predictors among adults eligible for LCS before (2019), during (2020–2021), and at a later stage (2022) of COVID-19.

Methods

We used cross-sectional, nationally representative, population-based data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System over 4 consecutive years: 2019 (n = 4484; weighted n = 1,559,37), 2020 (n = 1239; weighted n = 200,301), 2021 (n = 1673; weighted n = 668,359), and 2022 (n = 20,804; weighted n = 9,458,907). The outcome was self-reported LCS uptake (0 = did not have LCS in the past 12 mo and 1 = underwent LCS in the past 12 mo). We conducted weighted statistics and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Overall, of 11,886,704 million individuals eligible for LCS, 2,129,900 received LCS in 4 years (2019–2022). National rates of LCS among individuals eligible for screening were 16.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]:14.4–18.5), 19.4% (95% CI:15.3–24.3), 18.3% (95% CI:15.6–21.3), and 18.1% (95% CI:17.1–19.2) in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. Respondents reporting lung disease and cancer (other than lung cancer) history were more likely to receive LCS across all 4 years. During the pandemic (2020), Hispanic (versus White), and rural (versus urban) residents had lower odds of LCS utilization. In 2022, men had increased odds of reporting LCS use relative to women. No sex differences in LCS use were observed in previous years.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate consistently low LCS utilization (<20%) over 4 years. Nationwide efforts to boost LCS awareness and utilization are essential for mitigating the lung cancer burden in the United States.