Sorption Drying of Wheat Seeds Using Kieserite as a Solid Desiccant

Abstract

The moisture content (MC) of wheat seeds must be reduced before storage using appropriate dehydration processes. Desiccant drying is a promising alternative to conventional drying methods because it improves seed quality while providing overall energy efficiency. This study explores the sorption drying of wheat seeds using granulated kieserite MgSO4·H2O as a solid desiccant, which has a high water capacity and is regenerated at low temperatures <100 °C. Desiccant characterization was conducted using SEM-EDS, XRD, DSC-TG, and particle size analysis. Wheat seeds mixed directly with kieserite in various mass ratios were dried under uniform stirring and controlled temperature conditions. A 240-minute drying time was required to reduce the initial MC of wheat from 21.5% to 15.1% at a desiccant-to-grain ratio of 1:1. After 360 min, a final MC of 14.4% was achieved. The germination energy and seed capacity after sorption drying were 91 ± 1% and 97 ± 2%, respectively. Due to the available water capacity of kieserite, several batches of seeds can be dried without intermediate desiccant regeneration. This study is useful for developing low-cost, non-thermal, and sustainable drying technology for various agricultural products.